Effects of Representational Realism in 3D Violent Games

PCT No. PCT/SE97/01976 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 18, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 18, 1999 PCT Filed Nov. 28, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/28561 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 2, 1998A valve for regulating a flow of gas, has a valve body with an inlet for the gas to be regulated, an outlet for a regulated flow of a gas, a valve seat with a valve opening, a moving closure part having a tensioned membrane mounted inside the valve body and a plunger, which is movable by a plunger actuator, whose end acts on the membrane, causing the closure part to close and open the valve opening and regulate the flow of gas through same. The flow of gas can be simply and inexpensively regulated, with great accuracy and repeatability and which forms a hermetic seal when the valve is in the closed position, a rigid, flat plate is be arranged opposite the valve seat the plate having a surface area which is at least equal to the surface area of the valve seat. The plate is arranged so that it follows the axial movements of the membrane and can be tilted in relation to the plunger's longitudinal axis, and the part of the plunger end acting on the membrane has a surface area smaller than the surface area of the valve seat.

[1]  R. Gagne.  THE LEARNING OF PRINCIPLES , 1966 .

[2]  H. F. Hess,et al.  Motivation for Gambling as Revealed in the Marketing Methods of the Legitimate Gambling Industry , 1969, Psychological reports.

[3]  Michael W. Eysenck,et al.  Arousal, learning, and memory. , 1976 .

[4]  James Kulik,et al.  Flashbulb memories , 1977, Cognition.

[5]  Ulf Lundberg,et al.  The influence of cognitive set on performance and arousal under different noise loads , 1977 .

[6]  Michel Loeb,et al.  Noise stress and circadian arousal in self-paced computation , 1982 .

[7]  D. Saunders,et al.  Differential effects of red and blue coloured lighting on gambling behaviour , 1982 .

[8]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[9]  L. Rowell Huesmann,et al.  An information processing model for the development of aggression , 1988 .

[10]  D. Reisberg,et al.  Vivid memories of emotional events: The accuracy of remembered minutiae , 1990, Memory & cognition.

[11]  E. Thorson,et al.  The Effects of Television Videographics and Lecture Familiarity on Adult Cardiac Orienting Responses and Memory , 1992 .

[12]  M. Bradley,et al.  Remembering pictures: pleasure and arousal in memory. , 1992, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[13]  Daniel Reisberg,et al.  Emotion, arousal, and memory for detail. , 1992 .

[14]  Jonathan Steuer,et al.  Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence , 1992 .

[15]  C. Douglas Wetzel,et al.  The Effectiveness of Games for Educational Purposes: A Review of Recent Research , 1992 .

[16]  S. Christianson.  Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: a critical review. , 1992, Psychological bulletin.

[17]  Michel Chion,et al.  Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen , 1994 .

[18]  J. D. McGaugh,et al.  Beta-adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events. , 1994, Nature.

[19]  Sandra L. Calvert,et al.  Impact of Virtual Reality on Young Adults' Physiological Arousal and Aggressive Thoughts: Interaction versus Observation. , 1994 .

[20]  Leonard Berkowitz,et al.  A priming effect analysis of media influences: An update. , 1994 .

[21]  Mel Slater,et al.  Body Centred Interaction in Immersive Virtual Environments , 1994 .

[22]  C. Anderson,et al.  Hot Temperatures, Hostile Affect, Hostile Cognition, and Arousal: Tests of a General Model of Affective Aggression , 1995 .

[23]  N. Cowan.  Attention and Memory: An Integrated Framework , 1995 .

[24]  C. Heeter.  Communication research on consumer VR , 1995 .

[25]  Steve Benford,et al.  User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments , 1995, CHI '95.

[26]  Frank Biocca,et al.  Immersive virtual reality technology , 1995 .

[27]  Matthew Lombard,et al.  At the Heart of It All: The Concept of Presence , 2006 .

[28]  Frank Biocca,et al.  Telepresence via Television: Two Dimensions of Telepresence May Have Different Connections to Memory and Persuasion , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[29]  Frank Biocca,et al.  The Cyborg's Dilemma: Progressive Embodiment in Virtual Environments , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[30]  M. Bradley,et al.  Affective reactions to acoustic stimuli. , 2000, Psychophysiology.

[31]  Karen E. Dill,et al.  Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. , 2000, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[32]  S. Wolfson,et al.  The effects of sound and colour on responses to a computer game , 2000, Interact. Comput..

[33]  C. Anderson,et al.  Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature , 2001, Psychological science.

[34]  A. Anderson,et al.  Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events , 2001, Nature.

[35]  John L. Sherry.  The effects of violent video games on aggression a meta-analysis , 2001 .

[36]  Stephan Hamann,et al.  Cognitive and neural mechanisms of emotional memory , 2001, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[37]  L. Bensley,et al.  Video games and real-life aggression: review of the literature. , 2001, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[38]  Jonathan Freeman,et al.  A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory , 2001, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[39]  W. James Potter,et al.  Perceptions of Television: A Schema Explanation , 2002 .

[40]  Marc Prensky,et al.  Digital game-based learning , 2000, CIE.

[41]  D. Grigorovici.  Persuasive Effects of Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments , 2003 .

[42]  Elizabeth A. Kensinger,et al.  Memory enhancement for emotional words: Are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? , 2003, Memory & cognition.

[43]  C. Nass,et al.  The Multiple Source Effect and Synthesized Speech: Doubly-Disembodied Language as a Conceptual Framework , 2004 .

[44]  Mindy E. Flanagan,et al.  Violent video games: Specific effects of violent content on aggressive thoughts and behavior , 2004 .

[45]  Kenneth A. Lachlan,et al.  Liberating American Communications: Foreign Ownership Regulations from the Radio Act of 1912 to the Radio Act of 1927 , 2004 .

[46]  N. Ravaja.  Contributions of Psychophysiology to Media Research: Review and Recommendations , 2004 .

[47]  Diana G. Oblinger,et al.  The Next Generation of Educational Engagement , 2004 .

[48]  Samuel D. Bradley,et al.  Death with a story: How story impacts emotional, motivational, and physiological responses to first-person shooter video games , 2004 .

[49]  Emily Moyer-Gusé,et al.  Media violence and sex: What are the concerns, issues, and effects? , 2004 .

[50]  V. Maljkovic,et al.  Short-term memory for scenes with affective content. , 2005, Journal of vision.

[51]  Hayeon Song,et al.  Can a robot be perceived as a developing creature? Effects of a robot's long-term cognitive developments on its social presence and people's social responses toward it , 2005 .

[52]  K. M. Lee,et al.  Can robots manifest personality? : An empirical test of personality recognition, social responses, and social presence in human-robot interaction , 2006 .

[53]  Kristine L. Nowak,et al.  Contextual Features of Violent Video Games, Mental Models, and Aggression , 2006 .

[54]  M. Eastin.  Video Game Violence and the Female Game Player: Self‐ and Opponent Gender Effects on Presence and Aggressive Thoughts , 2006 .

[55]  Marko Turpeinen,et al.  Spatial Presence and Emotions during Video Game Playing: Does It Matter with Whom You Play? , 2006, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.

[56]  James D. Ivory,et al.  The Effects of Technological Advancement and Violent Content in Video Games on Players’ Feelings of Presence, Involvement, Physiological Arousal, and Aggression , 2007 .

[57]  Raymond MacDonald,et al.  The effect of background music and background noise on the task performance of introverts and extraverts , 2007 .