3D printing system: an innovation for small-scale manufacturing in home settings? – early adopters of 3D printing systems in China

This study investigates Chinese consumers’ adoption of the innovative 3D printing systems for small-scale manufacturing in home settings. Empirical studies were conducted in a survey with 256 participants. The number of significant determinants that affect an individual’s decision to adopt 3D printing systems has been identified by applying a model that integrates the Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory. A number of moderation effects of demographic variables (e.g. gender, design background) on the association between motivational variables and participants’ adoption have also been analysed with factor analysis, structural equation modelling and hierarchical regression. Our results shed some light on the characteristics of early adopters of home 3D printing systems in China. This study contributes to the early understanding of Chinese consumers’ adoption of innovative 3D printing systems.

[1]  Peter D. Hilton,et al.  Rapid Tooling: Technologies and Industrial Applications , 2000 .

[2]  Ian Campbell,et al.  Combining additive manufacturing with computer aided consumer design , 2012 .

[3]  Ritu Agarwal,et al.  Are Individual Differences Germane to the Acceptance of New Information Technologies , 1999 .

[4]  Tracy Ann Sykes,et al.  Individual Reactions to New Technologies in the Workplace: The Role of Gender as a Psychological Construct , 2004 .

[5]  Adrian Bowyer,et al.  The intellectual property implications of low-cost 3D printing , 2010 .

[6]  Chin-Lung Hsu,et al.  Adoption of the mobile Internet: An empirical study of multimedia message service (MMS) , 2007 .

[7]  R. Sitgreaves Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). , 1979 .

[8]  A. Nation Online: How Americans Are Expanding Their Use of the Internet , 2002 .

[9]  Lei-da Chen,et al.  Enticing online consumers: a technology acceptance perspective research-in-progress , 2000, SIGCPR.

[10]  Lei-da Chen,et al.  Enticing online consumers: an extended technology acceptance perspective , 2002, Inf. Manag..

[11]  Amanda J. Broderick,et al.  Is a Picture Always Worth a Thousand Words? The Impact of Presentation Formats in Consumers' Early Evaluations of Really New Products (RNPs)† , 2013 .

[12]  Yujong Hwang,et al.  The moderating effects of gender on e-commerce systems adoption factors: An empirical investigation , 2010, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[13]  Rafiq Noorani,et al.  Rapid prototyping : principles and applications , 2006 .

[14]  J. Macharia,et al.  Gender differences in internet usage intentions for learning in higher education: An empirical study , 2011 .

[15]  Terence A. Oliva,et al.  Play as a Consumption Experience: The Roles of Emotions, Performance, and Personality in the Enjoyment of Games , 1984 .

[16]  S. Sikström,et al.  Aging cognition: from neuromodulation to representation , 2001, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[17]  Kelly S. Ervin,et al.  Gender and the Internet: Women Communicating and Men Searching , 2001 .

[18]  LuHsi-Peng,et al.  The role of experience and innovation characteristics in the adoption and continued use of e-learning websites , 2008 .

[19]  Viswanath Venkatesh,et al.  Why Don't Men Ever Stop to Ask for Directions? Gender, Social Influence, and Their Role in Technology Acceptance and Usage Behavior , 2000, MIS Q..

[20]  Min Zhao,et al.  The Role of Imagination-Focused Visualization on New Product Evaluation , 2009 .

[21]  Stephen. Hoskins,et al.  3D Printing for Artists, Designers and Makers , 2018 .

[22]  Susan K. Egan,et al.  Gender identity: a multidimensional analysis with implications for psychosocial adjustment. , 2001, Developmental psychology.

[23]  Magid Igbaria,et al.  Computer anxiety and attitudes towards microcomputer use , 1990 .

[24]  Thompson S. H. Teo,et al.  Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Internet usage , 1999 .

[25]  France Bélanger,et al.  Factors influencing the adoption of web-based shopping: the impact of trust , 2004, DATB.

[26]  Paul Ralph,et al.  A Proposal for a Formal Definition of the Design Concept , 2009 .

[27]  J. Hair Multivariate data analysis , 1972 .

[28]  Fred D. Davis,et al.  Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace1 , 1992 .

[29]  Joseph J. Martocchio,et al.  Microcomputer playfulness: development of a measure with workplace implications , 1992 .

[30]  Su-Chao Chang,et al.  An empirical investigation of students' behavioural intentions to use the online learning course websites , 2007, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[31]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation , 1991, Inf. Syst. Res..

[32]  Clayton Lewis,et al.  Designing for usability—key principles and what designers think , 1983, CHI '83.

[33]  R. Kelly Rainer,et al.  The Influence of Individual Differences on Skill in End-User Computing , 1992, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[34]  A. Chan,et al.  A review of technology acceptance by older adults , 2011 .

[35]  H. T. Huam,et al.  Predictors of Intention To Continue Using Internet Banking Services: An Empirical Study of Current Users , 2008 .

[36]  Fred D. Davis Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[37]  Matt Ratto,et al.  Materializing information: 3D printing and social change , 2012, First Monday.

[38]  V. Venkatesh,et al.  AGE DIFFERENCES IN TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION DECISIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR A CHANGING WORK FORCE , 2000 .

[39]  Bruce A. Weinberg,et al.  Experience and Technology Adoption , 2004, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[40]  Fred D. Davis,et al.  A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies , 2000, Management Science.

[41]  John Day,et al.  The Impact of Perceived Innovation Characteristics on Intention to Use Groupware , 2002, Inf. Resour. Manag. J..

[42]  Thomas F. Stafford,et al.  The DATABASE for advances in information systems , 2017 .

[43]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. , 1977 .

[44]  Juhani Iivari,et al.  Why do individuals use computer technology? A Finnish case study , 1995, Inf. Manag..

[45]  Barry Berman,et al.  3D printing: the new industrial revolution , 2012, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[46]  Yi-Shun Wang,et al.  Investigating the determinants and age and gender differences in the acceptance of mobile learning , 2009, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[47]  L. G. Tornatzky,et al.  Innovation characteristics and innovation adoption-implementation: A meta-analysis of findings , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

[48]  Thompson S. H. Teo Demographic and motivation variables associated with Internet usage activities , 2001, Internet Res..

[49]  S. Cutler,et al.  Age differences in home computer availability and use. , 2003, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[50]  Chorng-Shyong Ong,et al.  Gender differences in perceptions and relationships among dominants of e-learning acceptance , 2006, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[51]  Patricia Sorce Cognitive competence of older consumers , 1995 .

[52]  N. Suki Gender, Age, and Education: Do They Really Moderate Online Music Acceptance? , 2011, Communications of the IBIMA.

[53]  Waiman Cheung,et al.  Determinants of the intention to use Internet/WWW at work: a confirmatory study , 2001, Inf. Manag..

[54]  W. C. Riddell,et al.  The Role of Education in Technology Use and Adoption: Evidence from the Canadian Workplace and Employee Survey , 2017, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[55]  Won-Moo Hur,et al.  The Moderating Roles of Gender and Age in Tablet Computer Adoption , 2014, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[56]  Qingfeng Wang,et al.  Investigating gameplay intention of the elderly using an Extended Technology Acceptance Model (ETAM) , 2016 .

[57]  Napaporn Kripanont,et al.  Using a Technology Acceptance Model to Investigate Academic Acceptance of the Internet , 2014 .

[58]  James C. Wetherbe,et al.  The Adoption of Spreadsheet Software: Testing Innovation Diffusion Theory in the Context of End-User Computing , 1990, Inf. Syst. Res..

[59]  E. Rogers,et al.  Diffusion of innovations , 1964, Encyclopedia of Sport Management.

[60]  Henry Been-Lirn Duh,et al.  An exploratory study of ageing women's perception on access to health informatics via a mobile phone-based intervention , 2012, Int. J. Medical Informatics.

[61]  Gordon B. Davis,et al.  User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View , 2003, MIS Q..

[62]  David F. Larcker,et al.  Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics: , 1981 .

[63]  Kenneth R. Troske,et al.  Technology and Jobs: Secular Changes and Cyclical Dynamics , 1996 .

[64]  Alain Yee-Loong Chong,et al.  What drives Malaysian m-commerce adoption? An empirical analysis , 2009, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[65]  Zhan Wu,et al.  How Individual Differences Influence Technology Usage Behavior? Toward an Integrated Framework , 2005, J. Comput. Inf. Syst..

[66]  Anand Jeyaraj,et al.  A review of the predictors, linkages, and biases in IT innovation adoption research , 2006, J. Inf. Technol..

[67]  Richard,et al.  Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace , 2022 .

[68]  Mark Srite,et al.  The Role of Espoused National Cultural Values in Technology Acceptance , 2006, MIS Q..

[69]  Paul A. Pavlou,et al.  Understanding and Predicting Electronic Commerce Adoption: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior , 2006, MIS Q..

[70]  Bruce Cheek,et al.  Profiles and correlates of computer usage: a study of the Australian telecommunications industry , 1993 .

[71]  Ying-Feng Kuo,et al.  Individual Demographic Differences and Job Satisfaction among Information Technology Personnel: An Empirical Study in Taiwan , 2004 .

[72]  Magid Igbaria,et al.  A Motivational Model of Microcomputer Usage , 1996, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[73]  Yung-Ming Li,et al.  Building trust in m-commerce: contributions from quality and satisfaction , 2009, Online Inf. Rev..

[74]  Ik-Whan G. Kwon,et al.  Factors Affecting the Level of Trust and Commitment in Supply Chain Relationships , 2004 .

[75]  Wang-Bae Kim,et al.  The Adoption and Use of the Internet in South Korea , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[76]  Michael Eisenberg,et al.  3D printing for children: What to build next? , 2013, Int. J. Child Comput. Interact..

[77]  Chin-Lung Hsu,et al.  Acceptance of blog usage: The roles of technology acceptance, social influence and knowledge sharing motivation , 2008, Inf. Manag..

[78]  Sebastian Gurtner,et al.  Designing mobile business applications for different age groups , 2014 .

[79]  Laura Slack,et al.  Product Design , 2022, Lean Management.

[80]  S. Stashevsky,et al.  Perceived risks as barriers to Internet and e‐commerce usage , 2002 .

[81]  A. Chong Mobile commerce usage activities: The roles of demographic and motivation variables , 2013 .

[82]  Hod Lipson,et al.  Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing , 2013 .

[83]  Venkateshviswanath,et al.  A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model , 2000 .

[84]  D. Dahl,et al.  Seeking the Ideal Level of Design Newness: Consumer Response to Radical and Incremental Product Design , 2013 .

[85]  Edward S. Steinfeld,et al.  Scale-up Nation: China’s Specialization in Innovative Manufacturing , 2014 .

[86]  IgbariaMagid,et al.  Why do individuals use computer technology , 1995 .

[87]  A. K. M. Najmul Islam,et al.  E-learning system use and its outcomes: Moderating role of perceived compatibility , 2016, Telematics Informatics.

[88]  Michael A. McDaniel,et al.  Does job-related training performance decline with age? , 1996, Psychology and aging.