Decision-making: Context matters

Research and theory in human decision-making has increasingly stressed the importance of the context in which the problem is embedded. This emphasis is consistent with that supported by research of behavior analysts on natural concept formation and in problem solving, as well as in the study of choice. We present data on reasoning problems that further support the role of context in decision-making.

[1]  B. Skinner.  Contingencies of reinforcement : a theoretical analysis , 1969 .

[2]  Edmund Fantino,et al.  The experimental analysis of behavior : a biological perspective , 1979 .

[3]  Edmund Fantino,et al.  Learning to commit or avoid the base-rate error , 1996, Nature.

[4]  E Fantino,et al.  Judgment and decision making: Behavioral approaches , 1998, The Behavior analyst.

[5]  S. Hayes.  Rule-governed behavior : cognition, contingencies, and instructional control , 1989 .

[6]  P. Hineline,et al.  Correlated Hypothesizing and the Distinction between Contingency-Shaped and Rule-Governed Behavior , 1989 .

[7]  Gerd Gigerenzer,et al.  The "conjunction fallacy" revisited : How intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors , 1999 .

[8]  Gerd Gigerenzer,et al.  Adaptive Thinking: Rationality in the Real World , 2000 .

[9]  M. Wakita,et al.  Pigeons' discrimination of paintings by Monet and Picasso. , 1995, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[10]  Gerd Gigerenzer,et al.  How to Improve Bayesian Reasoning Without Instruction: Frequency Formats , 1995 .

[11]  H. Arkes,et al.  The sunk cost and Concorde effects: Are humans less rational than lower animals? , 1999 .

[12]  E. Fantino,et al.  Choice As A Function Of Reinforcement Ratios In Delayed Matching-to-sample. , 1996, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[13]  A. Luchins,et al.  New Experimental Attempts at Preventing Mechanization in Problem Solving , 1950 .

[14]  R. Kahmann,et al.  Nucleotide sequences of the attachment sites of bacteriophage Mu DNA , 1979, Nature.

[15]  B. A. Matthews,et al.  An Experimental Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior , 1989 .

[16]  A. Luchins.  Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. , 1942 .

[17]  L. Carmichael,et al.  An experimental study of the effect of language on the reproduction of visually perceived form. , 1932 .

[18]  Sonia M. Goltz,et al.  Can't stop on a dime: The roles of matching and momentum in persistence of commitment. , 1999 .

[19]  H. Arkes,et al.  The Psychology of Sunk Cost , 1985 .

[20]  A. Tversky,et al.  Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 1974, Science.

[21]  E. Fantino.  Context: a central concept , 2001, Behavioural Processes.

[22]  B. A. Matthews,et al.  Uninstructed human responding: Sensitivity of low-rate performance to schedule contingencies. , 1981, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[23]  R. Grace.  A contextual model of concurrent-chains choice. , 1994, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[24]  R. Dawkins,et al.  Do digger wasps commit the concorde fallacy? , 1980, Animal Behaviour.

[25]  R. Herrnstein,et al.  Complex Visual Concept in the Pigeon , 1964, Science.

[26]  E. Fantino,et al.  Logical fallacies: A behavioral approach to reasoning. , 2003 .

[27]  E. Fantino.  Behavior-analytic approaches to decision making , 2004, Behavioural Processes.

[28]  E. Fantino,et al.  Factors facilitating lever-press avoidance. , 1966, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[29]  G. S. Reynolds,et al.  The study of behavior: learning, motivation, emotion, and instinct , 1973 .

[30]  E. Fantino,et al.  THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF REASONING: A REVIEW OF GILOVICH'S HOW WE KNOW WHAT ISN'T SO1 , 1995 .

[31]  A. Tversky,et al.  Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: the conjunction fallacy in probability judgment , 1983 .

[32]  Morrie Baum,et al.  An Automated Apparatus for the Avoidance Training of Rats , 1965 .

[33]  Sonia M. Goltz,et al.  Examining the Joint Roles of Responsibility and Reinforcement History in Recommitment , 1993 .

[34]  E. Macphail.  Avoidance responding in pigeons. , 1968, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[35]  E. Fantino,et al.  Cognition and behavior analysis: a review of Rachlin's judgment, decision, and choice. , 1990, Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior.

[36]  D. Eddy.  Judgment under uncertainty: Probabilistic reasoning in clinical medicine: Problems and opportunities , 1982 .

[37]  Z. Nadasdy,et al.  Taking the intentional stance at 12 months of age , 1995, Cognition.

[38]  E. Fantino,et al.  Choice, optimal foraging, and the delay-reduction hypothesis , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.