Effects of external trunk loads on lumbar spine stability.

[1]  J. Adams,et al.  Back injuries in industry. , 1947, American journal of surgery.

[2]  J D Troup,et al.  Back Pain in Industry: A Prospective Survey , 1981, Spine.

[3]  Manning Dp,et al.  Slipping accidents causing low-back pain in a gearbox factory. , 1981 .

[4]  I. Hunter,et al.  Dynamics of human ankle stiffness: variation with mean ankle torque. , 1982, Journal of biomechanics.

[5]  Manning Dp,et al.  Body movements and events contributing to accidental and nonaccidental back injuries. , 1984 .

[6]  D. Spengler,et al.  Back Injuries in Industry: A Retrospective Study: II. Injury Factors , 1986, Spine.

[7]  I. Stokes.  Axis for dynamic measurement of flexion and extension torques about the lumbar spine. A computer simulation. , 1987, Physical therapy.

[8]  W. Marras,et al.  Trunk loading and expectation. , 1987, Ergonomics.

[9]  G. Watson,et al.  Computer simulation , 1988 .

[10]  L Stark,et al.  An analysis of the sources of musculoskeletal system impedance. , 1988, Journal of biomechanics.

[11]  W S Marras,et al.  The Effects of Preview and Task Symmetry on Trunk Muscle Response to Sudden Loading , 1989, Human factors.

[12]  A. Bergmark.  Stability of the lumbar spine. A study in mechanical engineering. , 1989, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[13]  David A. Winter,et al.  Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement , 1990 .

[14]  N. Hogan.  Mechanical Impedance of Single- and Multi-Articular Systems , 1990 .

[15]  M. Panjabi,et al.  The Intersegmental and Multisegmental Muscles of the Lumbar Spine: A Biomechanical Model Comparing Lateral Stabilizing Potential , 1991, Spine.

[16]  M. Panjabi.  The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. , 1992, Journal of spinal disorders.

[17]  K Omino,et al.  Preparation of dynamic posture and occurrence of low back pain. , 1992, Ergonomics.

[18]  J Cholewicki,et al.  EMG assisted optimization: a hybrid approach for estimating muscle forces in an indeterminate biomechanical model. , 1994, Journal of biomechanics.

[19]  J Cholewicki,et al.  Relationship between muscle force and stiffness in the whole mammalian muscle: a simulation study. , 1995, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[20]  R. Norman,et al.  Comparison of muscle forces and joint load from an optimization and EMG assisted lumbar spine model: towards development of a hybrid approach. , 1995, Journal of biomechanics.

[21]  J. Laible,et al.  Role of muscles in lumbar spine stability in maximum extension efforts , 1995, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[22]  J. Cholewicki,et al.  Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: implications for injury and chronic low back pain. , 1996, Clinical biomechanics.

[23]  R. Stein,et al.  Identification of intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness dynamics , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[24]  J. Cholewicki,et al.  Stabilizing Function of Trunk Flexor‐Extensor Muscles Around a Neutral Spine Posture , 1997, Spine.

[25]  J. Potvin,et al.  The in vivo dynamic response of the spine to perturbations causing rapid flexion: effects of pre-load and step input magnitude. , 1999, Clinical biomechanics.

[26]  J. Cholewicki,et al.  Muscle Response Pattern to Sudden Trunk Loading in Healthy Individuals and in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain , 2000, Spine.