Mechanical Properties of Materials Considering Surface Effects

We discuss the influence of surface effects on the effective properties of materials such as the effective bending stiffness of plates or the stiffness of rods. The interest to the investigation of the surface effects is recently grown with respect to nanomechanics. The surface effects play an important role for such nanosized materials as films, nanoporous materials, etc. We consider two models of surface effects. The first one is based on the concept of surface stresses which are the generalization of the surface tension for solids. The second one (more classical approach) is based on the consideration of the thin surface layer with mechanical properties different from the bulk material. Within the framework of these models we present the effective stiffness properties of plates, shells, and nanoporous rods.

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