Gyrokinetic approach in particle simulation
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A new scheme for particle simulation based on the gyrophase‐averaged Vlasov equation has been developed. It is suitable for studying linear and nonlinear low‐frequency microinstabilities and the associated anomalous transport in magnetically confined plasmas. The scheme retains the gyroradius effects but not the gyromotion; it is, therefore, far more efficient than conventional ones. Furthermore, the reduced Vlasov equation is also amenable to analytical studies.