A Link-Based Differential Complementarity System Formulation for Continuous-Time Dynamic User Equilibria with Queue Spillbacks

This paper proposes a link-based continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium model for networks with single destinations. The model captures realistic queue spillbacks by applying the double-queue concept at the link level and developing a new nodal model that extends the link-level dynamics to the network level. The departure-time choice, route choice, and other equilibrium conditions are introduced to complete the model. The proposed model is a differential complementary system formulation with time-varying, state-dependent delays. Approximations on travel times are constructed to simplify the model. Numerical tests are developed to illustrate the application of this model. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0752.

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