Effects of hydrogen and steam addition on laminar burning velocity of methane–air premixed flame: Experimental and numerical analysis

Effects of hydrogen enrichment and steam addition on laminar burning velocity of methaneeair premixed flame were studied both experimentally and numerically. Measurements were carried out using the slot burner method at 1 bar for fresh gases temperatures of 27 °C and 57 °C and for variable equivalence ratios going from 0.8 to 1.2. The hydrogen content in the fuel was varied from 0% to 30% in volume and the steam content in the air was varied from 0 to 112 g/kg (0e100% of relative humidity). Numerical calculations were performed using the COSILAB code with the GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism for one-dimensional premixed flames. The calculations were implemented first at room temperature and pressure and then extended to higher temperatures (up to 917 K) and pressures (up to 50 bar). Measurements of laminar burning velocities of methanee hydrogeneair and methaneeairesteam agree with the GRI-Mech calculations and previous measurements from literature obtained by different methods. Results show that enrich- ment by hydrogen increases of the laminar burning velocity and the adiabatic flame temperature. The addition of steam to a methaneeair mixture noticeably decreases the burning velocity and the adiabatic flame temperature. Modeling shows that isentropic compression of fresh gases leads to the increase of laminar burning velocity.

[1]  Deming Jiang,et al.  Characteristics of direct-injection combustion fuelled by natural gas-hydrogen mixtures using a constant volume vessel , 2008 .

[2]  F. Dryer.  Water addition to practical combustion systems—Concepts and applications , 1977 .

[3]  Mehmet Sait Söylemez,et al.  Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Water Addition on the Exhaust Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated, Liquefied-Petroleum-Gas-Fueled Engine , 2005 .

[4]  D. Veynante,et al.  Numerical study of laminar flame properties of diluted methane-hydrogen-air flames at high pressure and temperature using detailed chemistry , 2011 .

[5]  D.D.S. Liu,et al.  Laminar burning velocities of hydrogen-air and hydrogen-airsteam flames , 1983 .

[6]  P. Dagaut,et al.  Experimental and Detailed Modeling Study of the Effect of Water Vapor on the Kinetics of Combustion of Hydrogen and Natural Gas, Impact on NOx , 2009 .

[7]  T. Tatsumi,et al.  Stability of the laminar flow in a rectangular duct , 1990, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[8]  M. Kuznetsov,et al.  Laminar burning velocities of hydrogen-oxygen-steam mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures , 2011 .

[9]  A. Dahoe.  Laminar burning velocities of hydrogen–air mixtures from closed vessel gas explosions , 2005 .

[10]  Jianjun Zheng,et al.  Measurements of laminar burning velocities and onset of cellular instabilities of methane-hydrogen-air flames at elevated pressures and temperatures , 2009 .

[11]  Fokion N. Egolfopoulos,et al.  Direct experimental determination of laminar flame speeds , 1998 .

[12]  T. Poinsot,et al.  Theoretical and numerical combustion , 2001 .

[13]  G. W. Koroll,et al.  The effect of dilution with steam on the burning velocity and structure of premixed hydrogen flames , 1988 .

[14]  I. Fells,et al.  Burning velocity of methane-air flames , 1969 .

[15]  Chung King Law,et al.  Outward propagation, burning velocities, and chemical effects of methane flames up to 60 ATM , 2002 .

[16]  Zuo-hua Huang,et al.  Measurements of laminar burning velocities for natural gas–hydrogen–air mixtures , 2006 .

[17]  Pierre Jouguet,et al.  La propagation des flammes dans les mélanges gazeux , 1939 .

[18]  A. Di Benedetto,et al.  Laminar burning velocity of hydrogen-methane/air premixed flames , 2007 .

[19]  C. C. Liu,et al.  Effects of H2 or CO2 addition, equivalence ratio, and turbulent straining on turbulent burning velocities for lean premixed methane combustion , 2008 .

[20]  C. Paillard,et al.  Laminar flame velocity determination for H2–air–He–CO2 mixtures using the spherical bomb method , 2003 .

[21]  Bing Liu,et al.  Combustion behaviors of a direct-injection engine operating on various fractions of natural gas-hydrogen blends , 2007 .

[22]  M. Z. Haq,et al.  Laminar burning velocity and Markstein lengths of methane–air mixtures , 2000 .

[23]  Jinhua Wang,et al.  Laminar burning velocities and combustion characteristics of propane-hydrogen-air premixed flames , 2008 .

[24]  I. Dincer,et al.  Greenhouse gas emissions reduction by use of wind and solar energies for hydrogen and electricity production: Economic factors , 2007 .

[25]  J M Mallikarjuna,et al.  Effect of water injection and spark timing on the nitric oxide emission and combustion parameters of a hydrogen fuelled spark ignition engine , 2007 .

[26]  Sanjay M. Correa,et al.  Power generation and aeropropulsion gas turbines: From combustion science to combustion technology , 1998 .

[27]  M. Metghalchi,et al.  Laminar burning velocity of propane-air mixtures at high temperature and pressure , 1980 .

[28]  I. Wierzba,et al.  The flammability limits of H2-CO-CH4 mixtures in air at elevated temperatures , 2006 .

[29]  Y. G,et al.  Laminar Flame Speeds of Hydrocarbon + Air Mixtures with Hydrogen Addition , 2003 .

[30]  Alexander A. Konnov,et al.  Effects of hydrogen enrichment on adiabatic burning velocity and NO formation in methane + air flames , 2007 .

[31]  M. Heap,et al.  The burning velocity of hydrogen-air flames , 1971 .

[32]  Christine Mounaïm-Rousselle,et al.  Effects of hydrogen addition and nitrogen dilution on the laminar flame characteristics of premixed methane–air flames , 2009 .

[33]  Thierry Schuller,et al.  Effects of water vapor addition on the laminar burning velocity of oxygen-enriched methane flames , 2011 .

[34]  R. Stone,et al.  Measuring the laminar burning velocity of methane/diluent/air mixtures within a constant-volume combustion bomb in a micro-gravity environment , 1995 .

[35]  F. Halter,et al.  Characterization of the effects of pressure and hydrogen concentration on laminar burning velocities of methane–hydrogen–air mixtures , 2005 .

[36]  Krister Holmberg,et al.  Water-in-diesel emulsions and related systems. , 2006, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[37]  P. Henshaw,et al.  Effects of addition of electrolysis products on methane/air premixed laminar combustion , 2001 .

[38]  Chung King Law,et al.  Laminar flame speeds of hydrocarbon + air mixtures with hydrogen addition☆ , 1986 .

[39]  James C. Keck,et al.  Laminar burning velocities in stoichiometric hydrogen and hydrogenhydrocarbon gas mixtures , 1984 .

[40]  G. Nagarajan,et al.  An experimental investigation of hydrogen-enriched air induction in a diesel engine system , 2008 .

[41]  R. Kumar,et al.  Burning velocities of hydrogen-air mixtures , 1993 .

[42]  T. Poinsot,et al.  Experimental and numerical study of the accuracy of flame-speed measurements for methane/air combustion in a slot burner , 2011 .

[43]  De Goey,et al.  The laminar burning velocity of flames propagating in mixtures of hydrocarbons and air measured with the heat flux method , 2004 .

[44]  T. Nejat Veziroglu,et al.  A hydrogen energy system and prospects for reducing emissions of fossil fuels pollutants in the Ceará state—Brazil , 2008 .

[45]  V. S. Babkin,et al.  Effect of water vapor on the normal burning velocity of a methane-air mixture at high pressures , 1971 .

[46]  B. E. MILTO,et al.  Laminar Burning Velocities in Stoichiometric Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures , 2002 .

[47]  S. Keel,et al.  Numerical study on flame structure and NO formation in CH4–O2–N2 counterflow diffusion flame diluted with H2O , 2004 .

[48]  Chung King Law,et al.  Effects of hydrocarbon substitution on atmospheric hydrogen–air flame propagation , 2004 .

[49]  Jinhua Wang,et al.  Numerical study of the effect of hydrogen addition on methane–air mixtures combustion , 2009 .

[50]  Apurba K. Das,et al.  Laminar flame speeds of moist syngas mixtures , 2011 .

[51]  de Lph Philip Goey,et al.  Measurement of flame temperature and adiabatic burning velocity of methane/air mixtures , 1994 .

[52]  Yasuhiro Ogami,et al.  Measurements of the laminar burning velocity of hydrogen–air premixed flames , 2010 .

[53]  J. Keller,et al.  A hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine designed for single speed/power operation , 1998 .

[54]  Philip John Bowen,et al.  Laminar-burning velocities of hydrogen-air and hydrogen-methane-air mixtures : An experimental study , 2006 .