Family Cooccurrence of “Gender Dysphoria”: Ten Sibling or Parent–Child Pairs

Ten (10) sets of siblings or parent–child pairs concordant for gender identity disorder (transsexualism) or gender identity disorder and transvestitism are reported. For concordant gender identity disorder, there is one set of male monozygotic twins; three sets of non-twin brothers; one brother-and-sister pair; one set of sisters; and one father and son. With gender identity disorder and transvestism, there is one transsexual father with a gender dysphoric; transvestic son; one transvestic father with a gender dysphoric, transvestic son; and one transvestic father with a transsexual daughter. The emerging technology of genetic markers makes collation of such families a potentially valuable resource for unraveling the origins of atypical gender identity.

[1]  Dick F. Swaab,et al.  A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality , 1995, Nature.

[2]  J. Ball.  Thirty Years Experience with Transsexualism , 1981, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[3]  R. Fagerstrom,et al.  Endocrine evaluation of forty female-to-male transsexuals: Increased frequency of polycystic ovarian disease in female transsexualism , 1986, Archives of sexual behavior.

[4]  S. Wachtel,et al.  On the expression of H-Y antigen in transsexuals , 1986, Archives of sexual behavior.

[5]  F. Stahl,et al.  Gene- and environment-dependent neuroendocrine etiogenesis of homosexuality and transsexualism. , 2009, Experimental and clinical endocrinology.

[6]  R. Stoller,et al.  Two male transsexuals in one family , 1973, Archives of Sexual Behavior.

[7]  R. Green,et al.  Birth order and ratio of brothers to sisters in transsexuals , 2000, Psychological Medicine.

[8]  D. Hamer,et al.  A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation. , 1993, Science.

[9]  R. Green,et al.  Two monozygotic (identical) twin pairs discordant for gender identity , 1971, Archives of sexual behavior.

[10]  E. Keverne,et al.  The disparate maternal aunt-uncle ratio in male transsexuals: an explanation invoking genomic imprinting. , 2000, Journal of theoretical biology.

[11]  J. Money,et al.  Transsexualism and sex reassignment , 1970 .

[12]  W. Eicher,et al.  H-Y ANTIGEN IN TRANS-SEXUALITY , 1979, The Lancet.

[13]  Richard Green,et al.  Fingerprint asymmetry in male and female transsexuals , 2000 .

[14]  Paul van Kesteren,et al.  An epidemiological and demographic study of transsexuals in the Netherlands , 1996, Archives of sexual behavior.

[15]  K. Freund.  Cross-Gender Identity in a Broader Context , 1985 .

[16]  S. C. Yen,et al.  REVIEW ARTICLE: THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME , 1980 .

[17]  J. Kenna,et al.  A male M Z twin pair, concordant for transsexualism, discordant for schizophrenia , 1977, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[18]  R. Reid,et al.  Polycystic ovaries are a common finding in untreated female to male transsexuals. , 1993, Clinical endocrinology.

[19]  P. Anchersen.  PROBLEMS OF TRANSVESTISM , 1957, Acta psychiatrica et neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[20]  W. Sippell,et al.  A higher rate of hyperandrogenic disorders in female-to-male transsexuals , 1997, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

[21]  J. Raboch,et al.  Sexual life of women with the Stein-Leventhal Syndrome , 1985, Archives of sexual behavior.