High-precision measurements of thermal expansion at cryogenic temperature on stable materials

The European Space Agency (ESA) aspires the exploration of the universe using space-borne infrared telescopes with large aperture operating at cryogenic temperature. The Herschel space telescope is currently returning its first scientific observations orbiting from the Lagrange point L2 and the foreseen infrared observatory Spica is currently under study. The large diameter of the primary mirrors and the operation at cryogenic temperature require the use of ultra-stable materials and wellcharacterised dimensional change of the structure as function of temperature. Dimensional stability and accurate data on the thermal expansion is also relevant for the cryogenic spectographs MIRI and NIRspec on the James Webb Space Telescope JWST, for the high-precision laser interferometer LISA and for spacecraft sent to a hot environment such as BepiColombo and Solar Orbiter.