Effects of preserved and preservative free glaucoma drugs on proteomic expression levels in corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), is the most commonly used preservative world-wide in cosmetics and eye drops; however, it is toxic to epithelial cells and the pathways in this toxicity are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of common ophthalmic drugs for glaucoma were uncovered by exposing human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells (HCE and IOBA-NHC respectively) to treatments with and without BAC. It was hypothesized that these drugs may be linked to inflammatory mechanisms and cell death. The aim of this study was to explore proteomic data in order to discover some potential biomarkers relating to BAC-induced effects, which could be beneficial in further studies. HCE and IOBA-NHC cells were exposed to a preservative-free topical medication tafluprost, a similar drug latanoprost which contains BAC or BAC by itself for 24 hours and then the proteomic profiles of treated and untreated cells were analysed with NanoLC-TOF-MS using SWATH technique. Central tendency normalization was applied to the log2-transformed proteomic data once the quality of the data was initially ensured with descriptive statistics including correlation and clustering methods. Mixed-effects ANOVA model was implemented to data to uncover differentially

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