Fabrication of β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application for Electrocatalytic Detection of Carbendazim

AbstractWe reported a graphene-based electrochemical sensor for sensitively measuring carbendazim, which is one of the effective benzimidazole fungicides popularly used in agriculture. The β-cyclodextrin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (β-CD–RGO) nanocomposites were synthesized using hydrazine as the reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using different analytical methods including UV–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The nanocomposites with a combination of physicochemical properties of RGO and high molecular recognition capability of β-CD were used to modify the surface of a glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of the drug carbendazim using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The current responses of carbendazim on the β-CD–RGO-modified electrode were greatly enhanced compared to that on the bare electrode due to the electrocatalytic effect of β-CD–RGO. It was found that the peak currents increased linearly with the carbendazim concentration in the range between 0.1 and 40 μM. The obtained results suggest that β-CD–RGO composite could be a potential candidate for the preparation of effective electrochemical sensors for carbendazim or similar drugs in the future. Graphical AbstractA sensitive electrochemical sensor of carbendazim was developed based on the electro-catalysis of β-CD/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode.

[1]  B. Scrosati,et al.  The role of graphene for electrochemical energy storage. , 2015, Nature materials.

[2]  Chunming Wang,et al.  Fabrication of β-cyclodextrin-coated poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-functionalized graphene composite film modified glassy carbon-rotating disk electrode and its application for simultaneous electrochemical determination colorants of sunset yellow and tartrazine. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.

[3]  P. C. Abhilash,et al.  Polymeric and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Sustained Release of Carbendazim and Tebuconazole in Agricultural Applications , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[4]  J. Hernández-Borges,et al.  Hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction for the determination of pesticides and metabolites in soils and water samples using HPLC and fluorescence detection , 2012, Electrophoresis.

[5]  J. Saien,et al.  Degradation of the fungicide carbendazim in aqueous solutions with UV/TiO(2) process: optimization, kinetics and toxicity studies. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[6]  Jun‐Jie Zhu,et al.  Graphene-assisted dual amplification strategy for the fabrication of sensitive amperometric immunosensor. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  Peng Wang,et al.  Ultrasensitive flow sensing of a single cell using graphene-based optical sensors. , 2014, Nano letters.

[8]  P. Hernández,et al.  Determination of carbendazim with a graphite electrode modified with silicone OV‐17 , 1996 .

[9]  P. Ajayan,et al.  A Bottom‐Up Approach to Build 3D Architectures from Nanosheets for Superior Lithium Storage , 2014 .

[10]  Christophe Junot,et al.  High-resolution mass spectrometry associated with data mining tools for the detection of pollutants and chemical characterization of honey samples. , 2014, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[11]  A. Kumaraguru,et al.  Toxicity, biochemical and clastogenic response of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim in milkfish Chanos chanos , 2014, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.

[12]  R. Hu,et al.  Silicon/graphene based nanocomposite anode: large-scale production and stable high capacity for lithium ion batteries , 2014 .

[13]  Miss A.O. Penney.  (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[14]  M. C. U. Araújo,et al.  Electroanalytical determination of carbendazim by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry with a multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified electrode , 2011 .

[15]  P. Manisankar,et al.  Utilization of sodium montmorillonite clay-modified electrode for the determination of isoproturon and carbendazim in soil and water samples , 2005 .

[16]  E. Wang,et al.  Cyclodextrin-graphene hybrid nanosheets as enhanced sensing platform for ultrasensitive determination of carbendazim. , 2011, Talanta.

[17]  Zhengbo Chen,et al.  Aptasensor for electrochemical sensing of angiogenin based on electrode modified by cationic polyelectrolyte-functionalized graphene/gold nanoparticles composites. , 2015, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[18]  Jiali Zhang,et al.  Reduction of graphene oxide via L-ascorbic acid. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[19]  P. Manisankar,et al.  Determination of pesticides using heteropolyacid montmorillonite clay-modified electrode with surfactant. , 2006, Talanta.

[20]  Nasir Mahmood,et al.  Graphene-based nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion in lithium batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells , 2014 .

[21]  H. Gou,et al.  A voltammetric sensor based on GO–MWNTs hybrid nanomaterial-modified electrode for determination of carbendazim in soil and water samples , 2013, Ionics.

[22]  V. Pedrosa,et al.  Electroanalytical determination of carbendazim and fenamiphos in natural waters using a diamond electrode , 2012 .

[23]  Suresh Kumar Kailasa,et al.  Recognition of carbendazim fungicide in environmental samples by using 4-aminobenzenethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles as a colorimetric sensor , 2015 .

[24]  X. Qiu,et al.  Alkyl Chain Cross-Linked Sulfobutylated Lignosulfonate: A Highly Efficient Dispersant for Carbendazim Suspension Concentrate , 2015 .

[25]  Weijian Xu,et al.  Uniformly sized β-cyclodextrin molecularly imprinted microspheres prepared by a novel surface imprinting technique for ursolic acid , 2008 .

[26]  N. Koratkar,et al.  Effect of defects on the intrinsic strength and stiffness of graphene , 2013, Nature Communications.

[27]  Sundaram Gunasekaran,et al.  Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide sheets for use in high performance supercapacitors , 2013 .

[28]  O. Nur,et al.  A Miniature Graphene-based Biosensor for Intracellular Glucose Measurements , 2015 .

[29]  W. Cai,et al.  Sensitive determination of quinoline yellow using poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized reduced graphene oxide modified grassy carbon electrode. , 2015, Food chemistry.

[30]  Liang Cheng,et al.  Graphene-based nanocomposite as an effective, multifunctional, and recyclable antibacterial agent. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[31]  Lai-Peng Ma,et al.  25th Anniversary Article: Carbon Nanotube‐ and Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films for Optoelectronic Devices , 2014, Advanced materials.

[32]  Phaedon Avouris,et al.  Graphene: electronic and photonic properties and devices. , 2010, Nano letters.

[33]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films , 2004, Science.

[34]  K. Novoselov,et al.  A roadmap for graphene , 2012, Nature.

[35]  O. Rubilar,et al.  Carbendazim dissipation in the biomixture of on-farm biopurification systems and its effect on microbial communities. , 2013, Chemosphere.

[36]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications , 2010, Advanced materials.

[37]  S. Bose,et al.  Chemical functionalization of graphene and its applications , 2012 .

[38]  G. Diao,et al.  β-Cyclodextrin polymer functionalized reduced-graphene oxide: Application for electrochemical determination imidacloprid , 2013 .

[39]  Lingting Ye,et al.  Shape-controlled synthesis of Pt nanoparticles via integration of graphene and β-cyclodextrin and using as a noval electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation , 2014 .

[40]  O. Chailapakul,et al.  The simultaneous determination of isoproturon and carbendazim pesticides by single drop analysis using a graphene-based electrochemical sensor , 2014 .

[41]  M. Dicke,et al.  Plant pathogens structure arthropod communities across multiple spatial and temporal scales , 2013 .

[42]  Jun-Jie Zhu,et al.  Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin based on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized graphene sheets/room temperature ionic liquid composite film , 2010 .

[43]  Yuzhen Zhang,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin based on nano-composite film of gold nanopaticles and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized graphene , 2012 .

[44]  Min Sun,et al.  Synthesis of magnetic β-cyclodextrin-chitosan/graphene oxide as nanoadsorbent and its application in dye adsorption and removal. , 2013, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[45]  Jiaxing Li,et al.  Correction: Graphene oxide-iron oxide and reduced graphene oxide-iron oxide hybrid materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants , 2012, RSC advances.

[46]  X. Ge,et al.  Complexation of carbendazim with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to improve solubility and fungicidal activity. , 2012, Carbohydrate polymers.

[47]  Jingkun Xu,et al.  Electrochemical recognition and trace-level detection of bactericide carbendazim using carboxylic group functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) mimic electrode. , 2014, Analytica chimica acta.

[48]  S. Stankovich,et al.  Graphene-based composite materials , 2006, Nature.

[49]  N. Pourreza,et al.  Determination of fungicide carbendazim in water and soil samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and microvolume UV-vis spectrophotometry. , 2015, Talanta.

[50]  Xuezhao Shi,et al.  Synthesis of cyclodextrin-reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanosheets for sensitivity enhanced electrochemical determination of diethylstilbestrol , 2012 .

[51]  E. Bekyarova,et al.  Optical and electronic properties of thin films and solutions of functionalized forms of graphene and related carbon materials , 2014 .