The role of reinforcement architecture on impact damage mechanisms and post-impact compression behaviour

This review considers the link between the damage tolerance of composite laminates and the nature and organization of the fibre reinforcement. This embraces composites made from unidirectional prepregs through composites based on a variety of textile forms such as woven fabrics, multiaxial fabrics, braids and knits. The objective has been firstly to detail how the differing varieties of composite exhibit different properties under impact conditions and under subsequent loading after impact. This includes both fracture mechanisms and data such as energy absorption, and peak failure loads. The second objective is to describe the links that have been found between these properties and the specific fibre architectures and damage development processes in the various composite forms. The post impact compression properties are highlighted as this is the area of greatest interest by end-users. The review describes the different forms of textiles that are used for composite reinforcement, considers different impact conditions (e.g. low velocity and ballistics), general materials variables such as fibre and resin type, and ultimately looks at specific textile systems. Some consideration is also given to the value and role of numerical modelling in the field of damage formation and damage tolerance. Clear differences have been found in the literature between composites based on different textile forms in terms of damage states after impact and the consequences of this damage on subsequent properties. While the literature is clearly incomplete at this time there is sufficient information available to indicate that control of fibre organization by the use of textiles may be an effective method of optimizing composite properties for specific end use properties.