Associations of dietary antioxidant micronutrients with the prevalence of obesity in adults

Background Antioxidant micronutrients have a therapeutic potential for clinical treatment of obesity. NO research, however, has examined the connection between the complex level of dietary antioxidants and obesity. Materials and methods We mainly aimed to investigate the relationship between a combination of antioxidants and obesity using the database of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES). This cross-sectional study contains a survey of 41,021 people (≥18 years) in total ranging from 2005 to 2018. Multivariate logistic and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to investigate the associations between these antioxidants, both individually and collectively, and the prevalence of obesity. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was also utilized to analyze the linearity of these associations. Results According to multivariate logistic models, we found that the levels of most antioxidants in the highest quartile were independently related to a lower prevalence of obesity, while a reverse result was observed in selenium (p for trend <0.05). The WQS index revealed that a total of the 11 antioxidants is negatively related to the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (all p<0.001), and iron/vitamin C have the greatest weight in the negative associations between antioxidant complex and obesity, as well as abdominal obesity. In addition, the RCS regression showed that retinol, vitamin A, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, iron, and copper all had a non-linear association with obesity. Threshold effect analysis demonstrated that the inflection points of retinol, vitamin A, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, iron, and cooper were 235.57, 374.81, 58.89, 891.44, 30.70, 43,410.00, 11,240.00, and 990.00 μg/day, respectively. Conclusion Our study found that a high level of a complex of 11 dietary antioxidants is related to a lower prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity, among this inverse associations iron and vitamin C have the greatest weight.

[1]  C. Ardern,et al.  Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Micronutrients as Mediators of the Relationship Between Sleep, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin , 2022, Frontiers in Public Health.

[2]  Mingfeng Chen,et al.  Clinical Relevance of Selenium with Liver Stiffness and Steatosis Detected by Transient Elastography in Adults , 2021, Biological Trace Element Research.

[3]  J. Schertzer,et al.  Micronutrients impact the gut microbiota and blood glucose. , 2021, The Journal of endocrinology.

[4]  L. Snetselaar,et al.  Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study , 2021, BMJ.

[5]  M. Vinceti,et al.  Dietary selenium intake and risk of hospitalization for type 2 diabetes in the Moli-sani study cohort. , 2021, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.

[6]  M. Soto,et al.  Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity , 2021, International journal of molecular sciences.

[7]  Y. Pandey,et al.  Supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients reduces stress and improves immune function/response in periparturient dairy cows and their calves. , 2021, Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements.

[8]  A. Pott,et al.  β-Carotene: Preventive Role for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: A Review , 2020, Molecules.

[9]  M. Carnethon,et al.  Comparing Methods from the National Cancer Institute vs Multiple Source Method for Estimating Usual Intake of Nutrients in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth. , 2020, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

[10]  A. Carr,et al.  Factors Affecting Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Global Health Perspective , 2020, Nutrients.

[11]  S. Navas-Carretero,et al.  Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition , 2020, Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

[12]  Changhao Sun,et al.  The Correlation between Dietary Selenium Intake and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study on North Chinese Adults , 2020, BioMed research international.

[13]  James O. Hill,et al.  Obesity: Scope, Lifestyle Interventions, and Medical Management. , 2020, Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology.

[14]  P. Kris-Etherton,et al.  A Moderate-Fat Diet with One Avocado per Day Increases Plasma Antioxidants and Decreases the Oxidation of Small, Dense LDL in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial , 2019, The Journal of nutrition.

[15]  L. G. Vu,et al.  Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 , 2019, The Lancet.

[16]  Y. Böttcher,et al.  Genetics and epigenetics in obesity. , 2019, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[17]  M. Blüher.  Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis , 2019, Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

[18]  C. Loria,et al.  Association of usual 24-h sodium excretion with measures of adiposity among adults in the United States: NHANES, 2014. , 2019, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[19]  Y. Fujitani,et al.  Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Obesity , 2018, International journal of molecular sciences.

[20]  R. Orlando,et al.  Gene-nutrient interactions and susceptibility to human obesity , 2017, Genes & Nutrition.

[21]  Prasenjit Manna,et al.  Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies. , 2015, Metabolic syndrome and related disorders.

[22]  A. Skalny,et al.  Mutual interaction between iron homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis. , 2015, Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements.

[23]  A. Grover,et al.  How Effective Are Antioxidant Supplements in Obesity and Diabetes? , 2015, Medical Principles and Practice.

[24]  R. Moench-Pfanner,et al.  Intra-Individual Double Burden of Overweight and Micronutrient Deficiencies among Vietnamese Women , 2014, PloS one.

[25]  C. Bai,et al.  Interactive Effects of Dietary Fat/Carbohydrate Ratio and Body Mass Index on Iron Deficiency Anemia among Taiwanese Women , 2014, Nutrients.

[26]  M. Valko,et al.  Health protective effects of carotenoids and their interactions with other biological antioxidants. , 2013, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

[27]  Y. Manios,et al.  The double burden of obesity and iron deficiency on children and adolescents in Greece: the Healthy Growth Study. , 2013, Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association.

[28]  J. Woodside,et al.  Fruits and vegetables: measuring intake and encouraging increased consumption , 2013, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.

[29]  H. Ulvi,et al.  The effect of local corticosteroid injection on F-wave conduction velocity and sympathetic skin response in carpal tunnel syndrome , 2011, Rheumatology International.

[30]  F. Berrino,et al.  A prospective study of dietary selenium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes , 2010, BMC public health.

[31]  J. Hebebrand,et al.  [Obesity and overweight]. , 2009, Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie.

[32]  M. Raghunath,et al.  Prenatal and perinatal zinc restriction: effects on body composition, glucose tolerance and insulin response in rat offspring , 2009, Experimental physiology.

[33]  A. Ramalho,et al.  Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Relationship with the Nutritional Status of Vitamin A in Individuals with Class III Obesity , 2008, Obesity surgery.

[34]  E. Hertrampf,et al.  Plasma Zinc Concentration, Body Composition and Physical Activity in Obese Preschool Children , 2007, Biological Trace Element Research.

[35]  C. Johnston,et al.  Plasma vitamin C is inversely related to body mass index and waist circumference but not to plasma adiponectin in nonsmoking adults. , 2007, The Journal of nutrition.

[36]  L. Molinari,et al.  Dietary intakes of fat and antioxidant vitamins are predictors of subclinical inflammation in overweight Swiss children. , 2006, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[37]  E. Opara,et al.  Antioxidants and micronutrients. , 2006, Disease-a-month : DM.

[38]  Pamela J Schreiner,et al.  Longitudinal associations between body mass index and serum carotenoids: the CARDIA study , 2006, British Journal of Nutrition.

[39]  P. Galan,et al.  Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population , 2005, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[40]  A. Sanabria,et al.  Randomized controlled trial. , 2005, World journal of surgery.

[41]  M. Fisberg,et al.  Zinc nutritional status and its relationships with hyperinsulinemia in obese children and adolescents , 2004, Biological Trace Element Research.

[42]  N. Keim,et al.  Dietary selenium intake modulates thyroid hormone and energy metabolism in men. , 2003, The Journal of nutrition.

[43]  J. Friedman,et al.  The function of leptin in nutrition, weight, and physiology. , 2002, Nutrition reviews.

[44]  A. Ben‐Amotz,et al.  Low plasma antioxidants and normal plasma B vitamins and homocysteine in patients with severe obesity. , 2002, The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ.

[45]  M. Fields,et al.  Level of dietary iron, not type of dietary fat, is hyperlipidemic in copper-deficient rats. , 1999, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[46]  K. West,et al.  Interactions between zinc and vitamin A: an update. , 1998, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[47]  R. Singh,et al.  Association of low plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, magnesium and zinc with high body fat per cent measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in Indian men. , 1998, Magnesium research.

[48]  S. Leeder,et al.  A population based study , 1993, The Medical journal of Australia.

[49]  A. Palou,et al.  Carotenoids in Adipose Tissue Biology and Obesity. , 2016, Sub-cellular biochemistry.

[50]  J. A. Martínez,et al.  Vitamin C in the treatment and/or prevention of obesity. , 2014, Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology.

[51]  A. Young,et al.  Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of carotenoids. , 2001, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[52]  P. Quinn,et al.  The location and function of vitamin E in membranes (review). , 2000, Molecular membrane biology.

[53]  K. Marder,et al.  Dietary iron, animal fats, and risk of Parkinson's disease. , 1998, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[54]  S. Booth,et al.  Plasma carotenoid concentrations are inversely correlated with fat mass in older women. , 1998, The journal of nutrition, health & aging.

[55]  T. van Vliet.  Absorption of beta-carotene and other carotenoids in humans and animal models. , 1996, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[56]  K. Johnson.  An Update. , 1984, Journal of food protection.