Multi-Agent Based Distributed Voltage Control Algorithm for Smart Grid Applications

Abstract The integration of renewable energy generators in distribution networks has increased the complexity of the voltage control problem rendering traditional control methods ineffective. This article proposes a voltage control algorithm for radial distribution systems, based on multi-agent systems, that eliminates any voltage deviation resulting from connection of distributed generators or variation of loading conditions. To realize distributed control, the distribution feeder is split into a series of overlapping segments. An agent is allocated to each segment and senses the voltage variables in its segment. The overlapping feature is realized through the exchange of information between an agent and the agents in the two adjacent segments. The agent in a segment then formulates reactive power compensation sufficient to restore the voltage in that segment. The total coordinated actions of the agents eliminate any voltage deviations, restoring the feeder voltage profile to the pre-planned base case profile. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that the agents can solve the voltage problem without the intervention of any central controller and by communicating only with its immediate neighbors. The results of case studies show that the proposed method is effective in controlling the voltage profile of a distributed generator-integrated distribution system.