The dipole anisotropy of the 2 Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey

We estimate the acceleration on the Local Group (LG) from the 2 Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey (2MRS). The sample used includes about 23 200 galaxies with extinction-corrected magnitudes brighter than Ks= 11.25 and it allows us to calculate the flux-weighted dipole. The near-infrared flux-weighted dipoles are very robust because they closely approximate a mass-weighted dipole, bypassing the effects of redshift distortions and require no preferred reference frame. This is combined with the redshift information to determine the change in dipole with distance. The misalignment angle between the LG and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole drops to 12°± 7° at around 50 h^−1 Mpc, but then increases at larger distances, reaching 21°± 8° at around 130 h^−1 Mpc . Exclusion of the galaxies Maffei 1, Maffei 2, Dwingeloo 1, IC342 and M87 brings the resultant flux dipole to 14°± 7° away from the CMB velocity dipole. In both cases, the dipole seemingly converges by 60 h^−1 Mpc. Assuming convergence, the comparison of the 2MRS flux dipole and the CMB dipole provides a value for the combination of the mass density and luminosity bias parameters Ω0.6m/bL= 0.40 ± 0.09.

[1]  L. Cambresy,et al.  Large-scale variations of the dust optical properties in the Galaxy , 2005, astro-ph/0501444.

[2]  N. Katz,et al.  The Galaxy Angular Correlation Functions and Power Spectrum from the Two Micron All Sky Survey , 2003, astro-ph/0304005.

[3]  T. Jarrett.  Large Scale Structure in the Local Universe — The 2MASS Galaxy Catalog , 2004, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia.

[4]  W. K. Huchtmeier,et al.  A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies , 2004 .

[5]  Matthew Colless,et al.  The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Samples, observational techniques and the first data release , 2004, astro-ph/0403501.

[6]  D. Kocevski,et al.  The Dipole Anisotropy of the First All-Sky X-Ray Cluster Sample , 2004, astro-ph/0403275.

[7]  G. Zamorani,et al.  The Scaling Relations of Galaxy Clusters and Their Dark Matter Halos , 2003, astro-ph/0307141.

[8]  J. Tonry,et al.  The extragalactic distance scale , 2003, astro-ph/0304427.

[9]  Wm. A. Wheaton,et al.  Spectral Irradiance Calibration in the Infrared. XIV. The Absolute Calibration of 2MASS , 2003, astro-ph/0304350.

[10]  N. Katz,et al.  The Clustering Dipole of the Local Universe from the Two Micron All Sky Survey , 2003, astro-ph/0303592.

[11]  Edward J. Wollack,et al.  First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Preliminary Maps and Basic Results , 2003, astro-ph/0302207.

[12]  E. Branchini,et al.  Consistent β values from density–density and velocity–velocity comparisons , 2002, astro-ph/0207356.

[13]  Alexander S. Szalay,et al.  Galaxy Clustering in Early Sloan Digital Sky Survey Redshift Data , 2002 .

[14]  et al,et al.  Galaxy Clustering in Early SDSS Redshift Data , 2001, astro-ph/0106476.

[15]  Thomas J. Chester,et al.  The 2MASS Large Galaxy Atlas , 2001 .

[16]  D. Madgwick,et al.  The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering , 2001, astro-ph/0105500.

[17]  R. Ellis,et al.  The 2dF galaxy redshift survey: near-infrared galaxy luminosity functions , 2000, astro-ph/0012429.

[18]  E. Bell,et al.  Stellar Mass-to-Light Ratios and the Tully-Fisher Relation , 2000, astro-ph/0008056.

[19]  C. Kochanek,et al.  The K-Band Galaxy Luminosity Function , 2000, astro-ph/0011456.

[20]  Ofer Lahav,et al.  The Universe behind the Milky Way , 2000, astro-ph/0005501.

[21]  J. P. Huchra,et al.  2MASS Extended Sources in the Zone of Avoidance , 2000, astro-ph/0005017.

[22]  M. Skrutskie,et al.  2MASS Extended Source Catalog: Overview and Algorithms , 2000, astro-ph/0004318.

[23]  M. Maia,et al.  Redshift-Distance Survey of Early-Type Galaxies: Dipole of the Velocity Field , 1999, astro-ph/9912225.

[24]  S. Maddox,et al.  The PSCz catalogue , 1999, astro-ph/9909191.

[25]  Helen Valentine,et al.  The IRAS PSCz dipole , 1999 .

[26]  S. Courteau,et al.  The Solar Motion Relative to the Local Group , 1999, astro-ph/9903298.

[27]  S. Maddox,et al.  Likelihood analysis of the Local Group acceleration , 1999, astro-ph/9901087.

[28]  D. Schlegel,et al.  Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds , 1998 .

[29]  J. Willick,et al.  Maximum Likelihood Comparison of Tully-Fisher and Redshift Data. II. Results from an Expanded Sample , 1998, astro-ph/9801307.

[30]  H. Ford,et al.  Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant , 1998, astro-ph/9801080.

[31]  D. Schlegel,et al.  Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds , 1997, astro-ph/9710327.

[32]  Mario Livio,et al.  The Extragalactic Distance Scale , 1997 .

[33]  Matthew A. Webster,et al.  Wiener reconstruction of the IRAS 1.2-Jy galaxy redshift survey: cosmographical implications , 1996, astro-ph/9608021.

[34]  E. Branchini,et al.  Reconstructing positions and peculiar velocities of galaxy clusters within 25,000 kilometers per second: The cluster real space dipole , 1996 .

[35]  A. Fairall,et al.  A nearby massive galaxy cluster behind the Milky Way , 1996, Nature.

[36]  L. Moscardini,et al.  The cluster distribution as a test of dark matter models - II. The dipole structure , 1995, astro-ph/9506110.

[37]  E. Branchini,et al.  RECONSTRUCTING POSITIONS AND PECULIAR VELOCITIES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS WITHIN 20000 Km/sec , 1995, astro-ph/9504016.

[38]  A. Taylor,et al.  A spherical harmonic analysis of redshift space , 1994, astro-ph/9409027.

[39]  G. Worthey.  Comprehensive stellar population models and the disentanglement of age and metallicity effects , 1994 .

[40]  R. Wainscoat,et al.  The Hawaii K-band galaxy survey. 1: Deep K-band imaging , 1994 .

[41]  O. Lahav,et al.  A spherical harmonic approach to redshift distortion and a measurement of $\Omega_0$ from the 1.2-Jy IRAS Redshift Survey , 1993, astro-ph/9309027.

[42]  O. Lahav,et al.  Wiener Reconstruction of Galaxy Surveys in Spherical Harmonics , 1993, astro-ph/9311059.

[43]  O. Lahav,et al.  The Puppis cluster of galaxies behind the Galactic plane and the origin of the ‘Local Anomaly’ , 1993 .

[44]  The QDOT and cluster dipoles: evidence for a low-Ω0 Universe? , 1993 .

[45]  J. Huchra,et al.  A Redshift Survey of IRAS Galaxies. V. The Acceleration on the Local Group , 1992 .

[46]  Spherical harmonic analysis of IRAS galaxies: implications for the Great Attractor and Cold Dark Matter , 1992 .

[47]  Joel R. Primack,et al.  Dynamical effects of the cosmological constant. , 1991 .

[48]  R. Scaramella,et al.  The distribution of clusters of galaxies within 300 Mpc/h and the crossover to an isotropic and homogeneous universe , 1991 .

[49]  John P. Huchra,et al.  A Redshift Survey of IRAS Galaxies. II. Methods for Determining Self-consistent Velocity and Density Fields , 1991 .

[50]  A. Kashlinsky,et al.  Large-scale structure in the Universe , 1991, Nature.

[51]  T. Piran,et al.  A dipole moment of the microwave background as a cosmological effect , 1990 .

[52]  Local gravity and peculiar velocity - Probes of cosmological models , 1990 .

[53]  Local gravity and large-scale structure , 1990 .

[54]  G. Klare.  Reviews in Modern Astronomy 2 , 1990 .

[55]  O. Lahav,et al.  Cosmological deductions from the alignment of local gravity and motion , 1989 .

[56]  J. Mathis,et al.  The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction , 1989 .

[57]  Nick Kaiser,et al.  THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF COSMOLOGICAL DIPOLES , 1989 .

[58]  O. Lahav,et al.  The peculiar acceleration of the Local Group as deduced from the optical and IRAS flux dipoles , 1988 .

[59]  V. Rubin,et al.  Large-scale motions in the universe , 1988 .

[60]  J. Villumsen,et al.  Cosmological parameters from the IRAS galaxy sample , 1987 .

[61]  O. Lahav,et al.  The dipole anisotropy of a new, colour-selected, IRAS galaxy sample , 1987 .

[62]  N. Kaiser.  Clustering in real space and in redshift space , 1987 .

[63]  O. Lahav.  Optical dipole anisotropy , 1987 .

[64]  A. Meiksin,et al.  Anisotropy of the galaxies detected by IRAS , 1986 .

[65]  A. Yahil,et al.  The dipole anisotropies of the IRAS galaxies and the microwave background radiation , 1986 .

[66]  J. Huchra,et al.  A survey of galaxy redshifts. III - The density field and the induced gravity field , 1982 .

[67]  Allan Sandage,et al.  The velocity field of bright nearby galaxies. III - The distribution in space of galaxies within 80 megaparsecs - The north galactic density anomaly , 1980 .

[68]  P. Henry.  Isotropy of the 3 K Background , 1971, Nature.

[69]  E. K. Conklin.  Velocity of the Earth with Respect to the Cosmic Background Radiation , 1969, Nature.