Dinorwig Simulation Models

This chapter resumes the various mathematical models used to represent the dynamic characteristics of the Dinorwig Hydroelectric Pumped Storage Plant. As described earlier, the models were developed systematically with increasing complexity, each model suitable for a particular system dynamic study. For instance, linear models can be applied to represent the effects of low frequency and guidance in speed control and nonlinear models are required when large changes of speed and power are considered, such as in islanding, load rejection and systems restoration studies. As Dinorwig has six units, the approaches considered both single input single output (SISO) and multivariable (multiple inputs multiple outputs, MIMO) models. The model of the system can be separated into subsystems. Figure A.1 shows a schematic of the Dinorwig power plant model. The full hydroelectric station model is constructed combining the four subsystems: guide vane dynamics, hydraulic subsystem, turbine/generator and sensor filters.