Shape optimization of fabricated transparent layer for pixel density uniformalization in non-planar rear projection

When an image is projected onto a non-planer surface, the resolution is not spatially uniform because projectors are normally designed to display an image with spatially uniform pixel density on a flat surface. We propose to insert a transparent layer between a projector and a non-planar surface and optimize its shape to make the projection pixel density spatially uniform, which can be controlled by non-uniformly refracting a projection light through the transparent layer. We use a multi-material 3D printer to fabricate the transparent layer combined with a non-planar surface. From the result of a projection experiment with the surface, we validate our proposed method.