Systems support for preemptive disk scheduling

Allowing higher-priority requests to preempt ongoing disk IOs is of particular benefit to delay-sensitive and real-time systems. In this paper, we present semi-preemptible IO, which divides disk IO requests into small temporal units of disk commands to improve the preemptibility of disk access. We first lay out main design strategies to allow preemption of each component of a disk access-seek, rotation, and data transfer, namely, seek-splitting, JIT-seek, and chunking. We then present the preemption mechanisms for single and multidisk systems-JIT-preemption and JIT-migration. The evaluation of our prototype system showed that semi-preemptible IO substantially improved the preemptibility of disk access with little loss in disk throughput and that preemptive disk scheduling could improve the response time for high-priority interactive requests.

[1]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  Freeblock Scheduling Outside of Disk Firmware , 2002, FAST.

[2]  Kanishk Jain.  Object-based Storage , 2022 .

[3]  Peter Druschel,et al.  Anticipatory scheduling: a disk scheduling framework to overcome deceptive idleness in synchronous I/O , 2001, SOSP.

[4]  John Wilkes,et al.  An introduction to disk drive modeling , 1994, Computer.

[5]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  Track-Aligned Extents: Matching Access Patterns to Disk Drive Characteristics , 2002, FAST.

[6]  Ashok K. Agrawala,et al.  Temporally determinate disk access: an experimental approach , 1997 .

[7]  James W. Layland,et al.  Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment , 1989, JACM.

[8]  Garth A. Gibson,et al.  RAID: high-performance, reliable secondary storage , 1994, CSUR.

[9]  Edward Y. Chang,et al.  BubbleUp: low latency fast-scan for media servers , 1997, MULTIMEDIA '97.

[10]  Charles U. Martel,et al.  On non-preemptive scheduling of period and sporadic tasks , 1991, [1991] Proceedings Twelfth Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[11]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  The DiskSim Simulation Environment Version 4.0 Reference Manual (CMU-PDL-08-101) , 1998 .

[12]  Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau,et al.  Micro-Benchmark Based Extraction of Local and Global Disk , 2000 .

[13]  Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau,et al.  Microbenchmark-based Extraction of Local and Global Disk Characteristics , 1999 .

[14]  Yale N. Patt,et al.  Scheduling algorithms for modern disk drives , 1994, SIGMETRICS 1994.

[15]  Prashant J. Shenoy,et al.  Cello: A Disk Scheduling Framework for Next Generation Operating Systems* , 1998, SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98.

[16]  John Wilkes,et al.  Disk scheduling algorithms based on rotational position , 1991 .

[17]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  Awarded Best Student Paper! -- A Framework for Building Unobtrusive Disk Maintenance Applications , 2004 .

[18]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  Data mining on an OLTP system (nearly) for free , 2000, SIGMOD '00.

[19]  Edward Y. Chang,et al.  The XTREAM multimedia system , 2002, Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[20]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  Towards higher disk head utilization: extracting free bandwidth from busy disk drives , 2000, OSDI.

[21]  Yale N. Patt,et al.  On-line extraction of SCSI disk drive parameters , 1995, SIGMETRICS '95/PERFORMANCE '95.

[22]  Jay K. Strosnider,et al.  Engineering and Analysis of Fixed Priority Schedulers , 1993, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[23]  Ronald Azuma,et al.  Tracking requirements for augmented reality , 1993, CACM.

[24]  Carl Staelin,et al.  The HP AutoRAID hierarchical storage system , 1995, SOSP.

[25]  GhemawatSanjay,et al.  The Google file system , 2003 .

[26]  Ragunathan Rajkumar,et al.  Real-time filesystems. Guaranteeing timing constraints for disk accesses in RT-Mach , 1997, Proceedings Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[27]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  Automated Disk Drive Characterization , 1999 .

[28]  Alexander Thomasian.  Priority queueing in RAID disk arrays with an NVS cache , 1995, MASCOTS '95. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.

[29]  Zoran Dimitrijevic,et al.  Diskbench : User-level Disk Feature Extraction Tool , 2004 .

[30]  Jay K. Strosnider,et al.  Disk scheduling for multimedia data streams , 1994, Electronic Imaging.

[31]  Gregory R. Ganger,et al.  Association Proceedings of the Third USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies San Francisco , CA , USA March 31 – April 2 , 2004 , 2004 .

[32]  E. Chang,et al.  Preemptive RAID Scheduling , 2004 .

[33]  Cyrus Shahabi,et al.  On scheduling atomic and composite multimedia objects , 1995 .

[34]  Edward Y. Chang,et al.  Design and Implementation of Semi-preemptible IO , 2003, FAST.

[35]  Surajit Chaudhuri,et al.  On Scheduling Atomic and Composite Continuous Media Objects , 2002, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..