Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) Mach-Zehnder modulators for 100 GBd PAM4 signaling with sub-1 dB phase-shifter loss.

We demonstrate 280 pm-long silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators with optical phase-shifter losses of 0.7 dB and π-voltages of 1.5 V. We show OOK and PAM4 signaling at 100 GBd with a BER below the 7% HD-FEC limit.

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