Socio-Demographic Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multi-dimensional concept that is affected by different variables. A large body of evidence shows that socio-demographic factors have a significant influence on HRQOL. When considering differences in cultural contexts and social values of various countries and the lack of evidence regarding socio-demographic determinants of HRQOL among the Iranian general population, it is important to verify the main socio-demographic determinants of HRQOL in an urban Iranian population. Objectives This study aimed to explore socio-demographic factors associated with HRQOL and to ascertain the determinants of poor HRQOL in participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS). Methods The participants included 3491 adults, aged ≥ 20 years, who had participated in the TLGS. To obtain socio-demographic and HRQOL information, participants were interviewed by trained interviewers. Mean HRQOL scores were compared using the student’s t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). To determine significant determinants of poor HRQOL, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Mean ages of males and females were 47.7 ± 15.6 and 47.8 ± 14.2 years, respectively and 58.6% of participants were male. Males had significantly higher scores compared to females in both the physical and mental domains of HRQOL (P < 0.001). In males, significant determinants of poor physical HRQOL were older age, being married, being unemployed yet having other sources of income, having literacy levels below high school diploma, and having chronic diseases (P < 0.05). In females, however older age and being housewives were significant determinants of poor physical HRQOL (P < 0.05). In addition, significant determinants of poor mental HRQOL were younger age and being single or divorced/widowed in males and younger age and being illiterate as well as having literacy levels below high school diploma in females (P < 0.05). Conclusions Current findings highlight the importance of socio-demographic determinants of HRQOL in both genders, specifically in the physical domain, and demonstrate their roles to be more prominent in males. These findings highlight gender-specific associations between socio-demographic factors and various aspects of HRQOL among the TLGS population, which could be applied in future research focusing on non-communicable diseases and planning health promotion programs.