XFEL: The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser - Technical Design Report

Massimo Altarelli, Reinhard Brinkmann, Majed Chergui, Winfried Decking, Barry Dobson, Stefan Düsterer, Gerhard Grübel, Walter Graeff, Heinz Graafsma, Janos Hajdu, Jonathan Marangos, Joachim Pflüger, Harald Redlin, David Riley, Ian Robinson, Jörg Rossbach, Andreas Schwarz, Kai Tiedtke, Thomas Tschentscher, Ivan Vartaniants, Hubertus Wabnitz, Hans Weise, Riko Wichmann, Karl Witte, Andreas Wolf, Michael Wulff, Mikhail Yurkov

Thomas Weiland | Piergiorgio Nicolosi | Sara Casalbuoni | H. Wabnitz | J. Feldhaus | P. Zambolin | Libor Juha | D. Lipka | Luca Poletto | Aaron M. Lindenberg | Henry N. Chapman | H. Schulte-Schrepping | Justin S. Wark | S. Duesterer | Rasmus Ischebeck | Mats Larsson | R. Kammering | Jacek Krzywinski | J. Sekutowicz | Holger Schlarb | S. Khodyachykh | Anne Oppelt | Bagrat Petrosyan | L. Staykov | F. Loehl | A. Winter | Carlo Pagani | J. Wojtkiewicz | K. Rehlich | U. van Rienen | M. R. Howells | W. Singer | Volker Ziemann | Alessandro Cianchi | O. Napoly | L. Lilje | Thomas Schilcher | P. Castro | S. Choroba | K. Jensch | A. Matheisen | D. Proch | K. Zapfe | N. Baboi | N. Meyners | V. Sytchev | M. Krasilnikov | Wolfgang Sandner | L. Catani | D. Kostin | W. D. Moeller | T. Limberg | C. Altucci | O. Hensler | B. Fominykh | V. Ayvazyan | M. Luong | M. Wendt | Martin Dohlus | Rafael Abela | P. Audebert | S. Simrock | Mikhail Yurkov | R. Wenndorff | M. Chergui | Volker Schlott | U. Gensch | V. Katalev | F. Toral | Marta Fajardo | Anton Plech | J. Baehr | Ph. Zeitoun | Paolo Michelato | Michael Wulff | F. Senf | Daniele Sertore | M. Sachwitz | T. Garvey | E. Jaeschke | R. Reininger | M. Tischer | W. Koehler | G. Grübel | H. Quack | R. Bandelmann | B. Petersen | M. Schmitz | Rodolphe Vuilleumier | Rainer Wanzenberg | K. Wittenburg | H. Graafsma | Siegfried Schreiber | Mathias Richter | Frank B. Rosmej | M. Jablonka | M. Staack | Micha Dehler | Y. Kim | Sven Toleikis | C. Masciovecchio | Eduard Prat | P. Piot | D. Pugachov | M. Clausen | E. Sombrowski | Velizar Miltchev | Joerg Rossbach | H. Delsim-Hashemi | A. A. Fateev | M. G. Castellano | J.-P. Carneiro | C. Schroer | V. Rybnikov | M. Huening | P. Seller | M. Seidel | Philip A. Anfinrud | D. McCormick | G. Poplau | I. Bohnet | H. J. Eckoldt | G. Kube | T. Wohlenberg | Bart Faatz | Ch. Gerth | K. Honkavaara | C. Magne | E. L. Saldin | Jochen R. Schneider | E. A. Schneidmiller | K. P. Sytchev | Rolf Treusch | F. Stulle | D. Noelle | U. Hahn | Kai Tiedtke | A. Eckhardt | Josef Frisch | H. Sinn | Simone Techert | M.v. Hartrott | L. Monaco | I. Tsakov | Ingo Will | V. Balandin | T. Möller | L. Froehlich | W. Graeff | B. Steffen | J. W. Kim | N. Mildner | A. A. Sorokin | Frank Stephan | B. Keil | Harald Redlin | A. Maquet | B. Krause | H. Weise | F. Obier | H. Lierl | M. French | O. Krebs | W. Decking | V. Tsakanov | J. Prenting | I. McNulty | M. Kollewe | L. Petrosyan | Boris Schmidt | I. Robinson | S. Riemann | E. Springate | A. Cavalleri | G. Tallents | D. Reschke | A. Aghababyan | H.-J. Grabosch | H. Thom | C. Bostedt | E. Vogel | M. Kuhlmann | M. Minty | V. Kocharyan | H. Sinn | C. David | O. Napoly | H. Chapman | J. Hajdu | B. Beutner | R. Ischebeck | E. Prat | P. Zeitoun | G. Tallents | T. Schilcher | H. Schlarb | Raymond F. Smith | E. Vogel | C. Bostedt | J. Frisch | H. Graafsma | I. McNulty | C. Gutt | G. Grübel | J. Feldhaus | B. Faatz | K. Honkavaara | V. Kocharyan | R. Treusch | E. Saldin | S. Schreiber | M. Yurkov | M. Howells | M. Fajardo | A. Cavalleri | M. Kuhlmann | T. Tschentscher | J. Schneider | T. Möller | J. Krzywiński | S. Techert | J. Sekutowicz | M. Richter | J. Roensch | J. Havlíček | P. Seller | R. Kienberger | T. Weiland | U. Rienen | J. Wark | T. Garvey | C. Schroer | S. Toleikis | L. Juha | D. Sertore | M. Luong | R. wanzenberg | S. Simrock | D. Proch | E. Syresin | H. Edwards | H. Weise | L. Monaco | F. Toral | S. Riemann | L. Lilje | L. García-Tabarés | D. McCormick | K. Rehlich | M. Ross | P. Michelato | I. Zagorodnov | A. Variola | M. Wendt | N. Meyners | C. Pagani | Q. Kong | M. Chergui | R. Follath | O. Grimm | L. Poletto | I. Will | G. Poplau | G. Neubauer | M. Altarelli | E. Schneidmiller | J. Marangos | E. Springate | C. Altucci | H. Kapitza | F. Schotte | M. Wulff | P. Anfinrud | I. Vartaniants | P. Nicolosi | J. Chen | C. Bressler | M. French | A. Eckhardt | F. Ilday | R. Reininger | R. Lee | B. Stephenson | P. Audebert | W. Graeff | H. Wabnitz | K. Tiedtke | V. Balandin | A. Lindenberg | M. Larsson | R. Abela | M. Sachwitz | K. Zapfe | K. Wittenburg | I. Tsakov | D. Trines | H. Thom | F. Stulle | A. Petrov | S. Casalbuoni | V. Ziemann | M. Dehler | H. Quack | B. Fominykh | J. Han | F. Stephan | R. Paparella | H. Redlin | W. Sandner | V. Schlott | F. Senf | D. Richter | V. Honkimäki | P. Wochner | M. Castellano | G. Dipirro | L. Catani | A. Cianchi | M. Minty | H. Ihee | F. Rosmej | G. Kube | S. Choroba | S. Prat | B. Keil | H. Danared | B. Krause | J. Prenting | M. Schloesser | S. Duesterer | O. Kozlov | A. Plech | M. Tolan | F. Ullrich | D. Kostin | A. Matheisen | W. Moeller | D. Reschke | P. Schmueser | C. Gerth | C. Masciovecchio | C. Blome | H. Schulte-schrepping | Y. Bozhko | H. Lierl | B. Petersen | D. Sellmann | A. Zolotov | V. Ayvazyan | N. Baboi | A. Brandt | A. Bolzmann | O. Brovko | P. Castro | W. Decking | H. Delsim-Hashemi | M. Dohlus | U. Gensch | N. Golubeva | H. Grabosch | K. Hacker | U. Hahn | T. Hott | E. Jaeschke | R. Kammering | V. Katalev | S. Khodyachykh | K. Klose | M. Kollewe | T. Limberg | D. Lipka | V. Miltchev | T. Nuñez | A. Oppelt | B. Petrosyan | L. Petrosyan | V. Rybnikov | B. Schmidt | M. Schmitz | M. Seidel | A. Shabunov | E. Sombrowski | A. Sorokin | L. Staykov | Bernd Steffen | M. Tischer | A. Winter | M. Nagl | Igor Zagorodnov | Janos Hajdu | C. David | Marc Ross | O. I. Brovko | K. Klose | A. Leuschner | A. Petrov | A. Shabunov | R. Follath | R. Vuilleumier | H. Eckoldt | P. Piot | K. Floettmann | R. Brinkmann | C. Gutt | V. Tsakanov | G. Amatuni | I. Bohnet | J. Carneiro | A. Fateev | M. Hartrott | M. Jablonka | C. Magne | M. Nagl | D. Pugachov | J. Rossbach | K. Sytchev | P. Zambolin | J. H. Han | K. Witte | A. Schwarz | G. Dipirro | J. W. Kim | B. Racky | J. Chen | A. Nienhaus | E. Gadwinkel | M. Maslov | Rita Paparella | D. Kraemer | H. Weddig | T. Nunez | Q. Kong | Savo Bratos | B. Dobson | R. Kienberger | O. Grimm | O. Kozlov | A. Wolf | J. Vogel | E. Syresin | A. Brandt | E. Collet | Y. Filipov | I. Vartaniants | J. Marangos | N. Golubeva | L. Haenisch | V. Honkimäki | Hyotcherl Ihee | S. Prat | M. Tolan | D. Ramert | F. Ö. Ilday | R. Schuch | D. Sellmann | J. Schäfer | D. Trines | Thomas Tschentscher | H. Brück | E. Ploenjes | S. Johnson | P. Schmueser | N. Tesch | P. Wochner | L. García-Tabarés | S. Celik | H. T. Edwards | F. Gel'mukhanov | C. Bressler | H. Kapitza | R. Lange | D. Richter | W. Kook | B. Griogoryan | J. Havlicek | J. Roensch | J. J. Gareta | O. Matzen | S. Schrader | F. R. Ullrich | C. Blome | M. Goerler | J. P. Jensen | H. Laich | D. Charalambidis | A. Variola | J. Becker | J. Pflueger | David Riley | H. Remde | K. Hacker | R. W. Lee | A. Bolzmann | F. Kaerntner | M. Altarelli | H. J. May | G. Neubauer | Y. Bozhko | B. Stephenson | A. Zolotov | M. Schloesser | E. Matyushevskiy | M. Koerfer | R. Wichmann | G. Amatuni | P. Meulen | Friedrich Schotte | H. B. Pedersen | H. Danared | B. Beutner | T. Hott | K. Ludwig | M. Koerfer | A. Leuschner | D. Noelle | F. Obier | E. Ploenjes | M. Staack | O. Hensler | F. Loehl | A. Wolf | T. Wohlenberg | N. Tesch | M. Krasilnikov | K. Witte | J. Baehr | R. Wenndorff | W. Koehler | Y. Filipov | K. Ludwig | K. Floettmann | J. Vogel | W. Singer | M. Huening | O. Krebs | S. Bratos | A. Maquet | V. Sytchev | A. Schwarz | L. Froehlich | H. Brück | M. Maslov | R. Brinkmann | P. Meulen | E. Matyushevskiy | M. Clausen | K. Jensch | J. Jensen | W. Kook | N. Mildner | B. Racky | H. Weddig | R. Wichmann | J. Schäfer | S. Johnson | B. Dobson | H. Remde | R. Schuch | D. Charalambidis | R. Lange | A. Nienhaus | D. Kraemer | J. Wojtkiewicz | J. Becker | D. Riley | S. Schrader | H. May | E. Gadwinkel | I. Robinson | E. Collet | L. Haenisch | D. Ramert | Y. Kim | A. Aghababyan | S. Celik | F. Gel'mukhanov | B. Griogoryan | O. Matzen | M. Goerler | H. Laich | R. Bandelmann | J. Pflueger | F. Kaerntner | A. Petrov

[1]  T. N. Hansen,et al.  Atomic-Scale Visualization of Inertial Dynamics , 2005, Science.

[2]  C. Robinson,et al.  Evidence for Macromolecular Protein Rings in the Absence of Bulk Water , 2005, Science.

[3]  B. Petersen Some aspects of the layout and optimization for the cryogenic supply of superconducting linacs , 2006 .

[4]  Patrick Audebert,et al.  Femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction from laser-heated organic films , 1997, Nature.

[5]  A. Bourgougnon Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. , 1879 .

[6]  K. J. Kim,et al.  Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Conceptual Design Report , 2002 .

[7]  G. Nyman,et al.  Structural Determination of a Transient Isomer of CH2I2 by Picosecond X-Ray Diffraction. , 2005 .

[8]  K. Tesch,et al.  Shielding Against High Energy Neutrons from Electron Accelerators - A Review , 1988 .

[9]  J. Hajdu,et al.  Electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the intact MS2 virus capsid , 2000 .

[10]  I. Robinson,et al.  Reconstruction of the shapes of gold nanocrystals using coherent x-ray diffraction. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[11]  Carl Caleman,et al.  Auger electron cascades in water and ice , 2004 .

[12]  A Barty,et al.  Damped and thermal motion of laser-aligned hydrated macromolecule beams for diffraction. , 2005, The Journal of chemical physics.

[13]  J. Feldhaus,et al.  Development of MCP-based photon diagnostics at the TESLA Test Facility at DESY , 2004 .

[14]  R. London,et al.  Ionization by impact electrons in solids: Electron mean free path fitted over a wide energy range , 2005, cond-mat/0506136.

[15]  F. Schotte,et al.  Picosecond time-resolved X-ray crystallography: probing protein function in real time. , 2004, Journal of structural biology.

[16]  D. Dworak,et al.  Calculation of hadron yields around thick targets and doses behind concrete shielding of high-energy electron accelerators , 2000 .

[17]  E. Anderson,et al.  Soft X-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution better than 15 nm , 2005, Nature.

[18]  U Weierstall,et al.  Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging: applications and limitations. , 2003, Optics express.

[19]  J G Fujimoto,et al.  Attosecond active synchronization of passively mode-locked lasers by balanced cross correlation. , 2003, Optics letters.

[20]  William L. Barr,et al.  Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[21]  Timm Weitkamp,et al.  X-ray wavefront analysis and optics characterization with a grating interferometer , 2005 .

[22]  H Ihee,et al.  Direct imaging of transient molecular structures with ultrafast diffraction. , 2001, Science.

[23]  M. Heel,et al.  Single-particle electron cryo-microscopy: towards atomic resolution , 2000, Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics.

[24]  Brent C. Stuart,et al.  Optical ablation by high-power short-pulse lasers , 1996 .

[25]  J. Hajdu,et al.  Diffraction imaging of single particles and biomolecules. , 2003, Journal of structural biology.

[26]  D. Sayre,et al.  X-ray microscopy. , 1995, Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography.

[27]  H. Kiriyama,et al.  Prepulse-free, multi-terawatt, sub-30-fs laser system. , 2006, Optics express.

[28]  C. Nave Radiation damage in protein crystallography , 1995 .

[29]  J. R. Somoza,et al.  Holographic Methods in X-ray Crystallography. V. Multiple IsomorphousReplacement, Multiple Anomalous Dispersion and Non-crystallographic Symmetry , 1997 .

[30]  Andreas K. Freund,et al.  The TROIKA beamline at ESRF , 1994 .

[31]  G. Gerber,et al.  Quantum control of gas-phase and liquid-phase femtochemistry. , 2003, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[32]  John M. J. Madey,et al.  First Operation of a Free-Electron Laser , 1977 .

[33]  M. Geissel,et al.  Charge-exchange-induced two-electron satellite transitions from autoionizing levels in dense plasmas. , 2002, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[34]  Andreas K. Freund,et al.  Characterization of synthetic diamond crystals by spatially resolved rocking curve measurements , 2001 .

[35]  Henry N. Chapman,et al.  On the Extendibility of X‐ray Crystallography to Noncrystals , 1998 .

[36]  S. Simrock,et al.  Radiation field inside the tunnel of the Linear Collider TESLA , 2022 .

[37]  Veit Elser,et al.  Reconstruction of an object from its symmetry-averaged diffraction pattern. , 2008, Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography.

[38]  M. S. Skolnick,et al.  Quantum-confined Stark shifts of charged exciton complexes in quantum dots , 2004 .

[39]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Icosahedral virus particles as addressable nanoscale building blocks. , 2002, Angewandte Chemie.

[40]  G. Siuzdak,et al.  Mass spectrometry and viral analysis. , 1996, Chemistry & biology.

[41]  P. Kam,et al.  : 4 , 1898, You Can Cross the Massacre on Foot.

[42]  S. Marchesini,et al.  SPEDEN: reconstructing single particles from their diffraction patterns. , 2004, Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography.

[43]  S. Claudet,et al.  Recent Progress in Power Refrigeration Below 2 K for Superconducting Accelerators , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference.

[44]  J. Miao,et al.  Extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to allow imaging of micrometre-sized non-crystalline specimens , 1999, Nature.

[45]  R. Ischebeck,et al.  Study of the statistical properties of the radiation from a VUV SASE FEL operating in the femtosecond regime , 2003 .

[46]  R. Henderson The potential and limitations of neutrons, electrons and X-rays for atomic resolution microscopy of unstained biological molecules , 1995, Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics.

[47]  J. Miao,et al.  Imaging whole Escherichia coli bacteria by using single-particle x-ray diffraction , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[48]  I. Robinson,et al.  Partial Coherence Effects on the Imaging of Small Crystals using Coherent X-ray Diffraction , 2001 .

[49]  Katsumi Midorikawa,et al.  Focusing multiple high-order harmonics in the extreme-ultraviolet and soft-x-ray regions by a platinum-coated ellipsoidal mirror. , 2006, Applied optics.

[50]  S. Mukamel Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy , 1995 .

[51]  P Emma,et al.  Femtosecond and subfemtosecond x-ray pulses from a self-amplified spontaneous-emission-based free-electron laser. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[52]  Pedro Zambianchi,et al.  Femtosecond x-ray dynamical diffraction by perfect crystals , 2001, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[53]  P. Tzallas,et al.  Direct observation of attosecond light bunching , 2003, Nature.

[54]  Aleksandr V. Smirnov,et al.  Watching a Protein as it Functions with 150-ps Time-Resolved X-ray Crystallography , 2003, Science.

[55]  F. Schotte,et al.  Visualizing chemical reactions in solution by picosecond x-ray diffraction. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[56]  J. Frank Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies , 2006 .

[57]  K. Witte,et al.  Second-order autocorrelation measurements of attosecond XUV pulse trains , 2005 .

[58]  Thomas Risse,et al.  Metal Aggregates on Oxide Surfaces: Structure and Adsorption , 1998 .

[59]  Garth J. Williams,et al.  Three-dimensional mapping of a deformation field inside a nanocrystal , 2006, Nature.

[60]  Abraham Szoke,et al.  X‐ray and electron holography using a local reference beam , 2008 .

[61]  M. Hayes The reconstruction of a multidimensional sequence from the phase or magnitude of its Fourier transform , 1982 .

[62]  P Audebert,et al.  Direct observation of the ponderomotive force effects in short-scale-length laser plasmas by frequency-domain interferometry. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[63]  Josef Feldhaus,et al.  Development of photon beam diagnostics for VUV radiation from a SASE FEL , 2000 .

[64]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[65]  Suwan N Jayasinghe,et al.  Electric field driven jetting: an emerging approach for processing living cells , 2006, Biotechnology journal.

[66]  Ahmed H. Zewail,et al.  Clocking transient chemical changes by ultrafast electron diffraction , 1997, Nature.

[67]  A. Leuschner,et al.  Muon doses at earth surface above the linear collider , 1998 .

[68]  E. Saldin,et al.  On the possibility of using a free electron laser for polarization of electrons in storage rings , 1982 .

[69]  Jean-Claude Diels,et al.  Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Applications on a Femtosecond Time Scale , 1996 .

[70]  Y. Bozhko,et al.  Requirements for the Cryogenic Supply of the European XFEL Project at DESY , 2006 .

[71]  Emma Springate,et al.  Electron kinetic energy measurements from laser irradiation of clusters , 2003 .

[72]  Hutchinson,et al.  Multi-keV Electron Generation in the Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses with Xe Clusters. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[73]  Auger-electron cascades in diamond and amorphous carbon , 2001, cond-mat/0109430.

[74]  H. C. Kang,et al.  Nanometer linear focusing of hard x rays by a multilayer Laue lens. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[75]  David van der Spoel,et al.  Space-time evolution of electron cascades in diamond , 2002 .

[76]  J. Feldhaus,et al.  The SASE FEL at DESY: Photon Beam Diagnostics for the User Facility , 2004 .

[77]  R. London,et al.  Pulse requirements for x-ray diffraction imaging of single biological molecules. , 2005, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[78]  Maria Teresa Dova,et al.  The superconducting electron positron linear collider with an integrated x-ray laser laboratory , 2001 .

[79]  J. Miao,et al.  An approach to three-dimensional structures of biomolecules by using single-molecule diffraction images , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[80]  Robert W. Field,et al.  Perturbations in the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules , 1986 .

[81]  T. N. Hansen,et al.  Clocking femtosecond X rays. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[82]  C M Dobson,et al.  Detection and selective dissociation of intact ribosomes in a mass spectrometer. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[83]  K. Witte,et al.  A dispersionless Michelson interferometer for the characterization of attosecond pulses , 2002 .

[84]  J. Hajdu,et al.  Potential for biomolecular imaging with femtosecond X-ray pulses , 2000, Nature.

[85]  D. Lützenkirchen-Hecht,et al.  Piezo-QEXAFS: advances in time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy. , 2001, Journal of synchrotron radiation.

[86]  M. Burghammer,et al.  Hard x-ray nanoprobe based on refractive x-ray lenses , 2005 .

[87]  D. Cojoc,et al.  Diffractive optical elements for differential interference contrast x-ray microscopy. , 2003, Optics express.

[88]  R. Follath The versatility of collimated plane grating monochromators , 2001 .

[89]  J R Fienup,et al.  Phase retrieval algorithms: a comparison. , 1982, Applied optics.

[90]  B. G. Taylor,et al.  TTC distribution for LHC detectors , 1997 .

[91]  A. Ferrari,et al.  Electron-Photon Transport in FLUKA: Status , 2001 .

[92]  S. Marchesini,et al.  High-resolution ab initio three-dimensional x-ray diffraction microscopy. , 2005, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[93]  Kay Rehlich,et al.  Data acquisition system for a VUV-FEL linac , 2005 .

[94]  K. Hagen,et al.  Stereochemical applications of gas-phase electron diffraction. Parts A and B edited by I. Hargittai and M. Hargittai , 1989 .

[95]  J. Miao,et al.  High resolution 3D x-ray diffraction microscopy. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[96]  E. Saldin,et al.  Generation of coherent radiation by a beam of relativistic electrons in an undulator , 1981 .

[97]  M. Chergui Ultrafast Structural Dynamics in the Condensed Phase , 2005 .

[98]  I. Andersson,et al.  Large structures at high resolution: the 1.6 A crystal structure of spinach ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase complexed with 2-carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate. , 1996, Journal of molecular biology.

[99]  D. Sayre Some implications of a theorem due to Shannon , 1952 .

[100]  Federico Faccio,et al.  Radiation tolerant VLSI circuits in standard deep submicron CMOS technologies for the LHC experiments: practical design aspects , 1999 .

[101]  M. Wulff,et al.  X-ray “filming” of atomic motions in chemical reactions , 2004 .

[102]  M. Vrakking,et al.  Control of the production of highly charged ions in femtosecond-laser cluster fragmentation , 2004 .

[103]  V. Lobastov,et al.  Ultrafast Electron Diffraction and Structural Dynamics: Transient Intermediates in the Elimination Reaction of C2F4I2 , 2002 .

[104]  T. Ishikawa,et al.  Diffraction-limited two-dimensional hard-x-ray focusing at the 100nm level using a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror arrangement , 2005 .

[105]  Claudio Pellegrini,et al.  Collective instabilities and high-gain regime in a free electron laser , 1984 .

[106]  B. Lengeler Coherence in X-ray physics , 2001, Naturwissenschaften.

[107]  A. Ferrari,et al.  FLUKA: Status and Prospects for Hadronic Applications , 2001 .

[108]  T Salditt,et al.  Two-dimensional hard x-ray beam compression by combined focusing and waveguide optics. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[109]  A. Szöke TIME-RESOLVED HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFRACTION AT ATOMIC RESOLUTION , 1999 .

[110]  I. Robinson,et al.  Imaging of quantum array structures with coherent and partially coherent diffraction. , 2003, Journal of synchrotron radiation.

[111]  O. J. Luiten,et al.  Femtosecond synchronization of a 3 GHz RF oscillator to a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser , 2002 .

[112]  Gyula Faigel,et al.  Dynamics in a cluster under the influence of intense femtosecond hard X-ray pulses , 2004 .

[113]  H Frauenfelder,et al.  Dynamics of ligand binding to myoglobin. , 1975, Biochemistry.

[114]  F. Kannari,et al.  Timing jitter in a kilohertz regenerative amplifier of a femtosecond-pulse Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser. , 2000, Optics letters.

[115]  Keith A. Nugent,et al.  X-ray pulse compression using strained crystals , 2002 .

[116]  Christian David,et al.  Diamond planar refractive lenses for third- and fourth-generation X-ray sources. , 2003, Journal of synchrotron radiation.

[117]  C. Ruan,et al.  Ultrafast diffraction and structural dynamics: The nature of complex molecules far from equilibrium , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[118]  S. Fourmaux,et al.  Non-thermal melting in semiconductors measured at femtosecond resolution , 2001, Nature.

[119]  Richard A. London,et al.  Unified model of secondary electron cascades in diamond , 2004 .

[120]  M. Pirenne The diffraction of X-rays and electrons by free molecules , 1946 .

[121]  B. Lengeler,et al.  Focusing hard x rays to nanometer dimensions by adiabatically focusing lenses. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[122]  Abraham Szöke,et al.  Holographic Methods in X-Ray Crystallography , 1998 .

[123]  Roger W. Falcone,et al.  Femtosecond x-ray diffraction: experiments and limits , 2001, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[124]  H. W. Hayden,et al.  The Structure and Properties of Materials , 1964 .

[125]  Salzmann,et al.  Density dependence of the atomic transition probabilities in hot, dense plasmas. , 1987, Physical review. A, General physics.

[126]  Magnus Bergh,et al.  Model for the dynamics of a water cluster in an x-ray free electron laser beam. , 2004, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[127]  Katsumi Midorikawa,et al.  Focusing coherent soft-x-ray radiation to a micrometer spot size with an intensity of 10(14) W/cm2. , 2004, Optics letters.

[128]  Franz Pfeiffer,et al.  Coherent x-ray diffraction from quantum dots , 2005 .

[129]  S. Watanabe,et al.  Generation and focusing of submilliwatt-average-power 50-nm pulses by the fifth harmonic of a KrF laser. , 2002, Optics letters.

[130]  Casagrande,et al.  Collective variable description of a free-electron laser. , 1986, Physical review. A, General physics.

[131]  M. Dharma-wardana,et al.  ENERGY RELAXATION AND THE QUASIEQUATION OF STATE OF A DENSE TWO-TEMPERATURE NONEQUILIBRIUM PLASMA , 1998 .

[132]  Enzo M. Di Fabrizio,et al.  Differential interference contrast x-ray microscopy , 2001, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[133]  G. Grygiel,et al.  Cryogenic and Electrical Test Cryostat for Instrumented Superconductive RF Cavities (Chechia) , 1996 .

[134]  P. Weber,et al.  Pump-probe diffraction imaging of vibrational wave functions , 1998 .

[135]  Juris Blums,et al.  Femtosecond X-ray measurement of coherent lattice vibrations near the Lindemann stability limit , 2003, Nature.

[136]  C. David,et al.  High-efficiency Bragg–Fresnel lenses with 100 nm outermost zone width , 1999 .

[137]  J. Hajdu,et al.  Shake‐up and shake‐off excitations with associated electron losses in X‐ray studies of proteins , 2001, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.