Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as mediators in the pathogenesis of septic shock.

[1]  P. Ghezzi,et al.  Urinary TNF-binding protein (TNF soluble receptor) protects mice against the lethal effect of TNF and endotoxic shock. , 1993, European cytokine network.

[2]  L. Shapiro,et al.  A randomized, controlled trial of IL-10 in humans. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and immune responses. , 1995, Journal of immunology.

[3]  C. Dinarello,et al.  Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. , 1996, Blood.

[4]  R. Davis,et al.  An osmosensing signal transduction pathway in mammalian cells. , 1994, Science.

[5]  H. Tilg,et al.  Induction of circulating soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist following interleukin 1 alpha infusion in humans. , 1994, Cytokine.

[6]  D. Wallach,et al.  Structural requirements for inducible shedding of the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[7]  H. Holtmann,et al.  Down regulation of the receptors for tumor necrosis factor by interleukin 1 and 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. , 1987, Journal of immunology.

[8]  G. Wong,et al.  A phase I trial of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta alone and in combination with myelosuppressive doses of 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. , 1991, Blood.

[9]  S. Opal Clinical Trials of Novel Therapeutic Agents: Why did they fail? , 1995 .

[10]  W. Urba,et al.  The toxic and hematologic effects of interleukin-1 alpha administered in a phase I trial to patients with advanced malignancies. , 1992, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[11]  J. Gabrilove,et al.  Clinical pharmacology of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced cancer. , 1987, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[12]  T. van der Poll,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor is involved in the appearance of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in endotoxemia. , 1994, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[13]  C. Dinarello,et al.  Role of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor on energy metabolism in rabbits. , 1988, The American journal of physiology.

[14]  S. Crooke,et al.  Cloning of a phospholipase A2-activating protein. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  R. Ulevitch,et al.  Participation of tumor necrosis factor in the mediation of gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in rabbits. , 1988, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[16]  P. Suter,et al.  Imbalance between tumour necrosis factor-alpha and soluble TNF receptor concentrations in severe meningococcaemia. The J5 Study Group. , 1992, Immunology.

[17]  C. Herzog,et al.  [Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor]. , 1987, Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie.

[18]  I. Olsson,et al.  Interleukin-1 beta induces interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor binding protein in humans. , 1993, Cancer research.

[19]  B. Beutler,et al.  Passive immunization against cachectin/tumor necrosis factor protects mice from lethal effect of endotoxin. , 1985, Science.

[20]  D. Wallach,et al.  Two tumor necrosis factor-binding proteins purified from human urine. Evidence for immunological cross-reactivity with cell surface tumor necrosis factor receptors. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[21]  C. Dinarello,et al.  Coordinated antiinflammatory effects of interleukin 4: interleukin 4 suppresses interleukin 1 production but up-regulates gene expression and synthesis of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  J. Vincent,et al.  Influence of an anti‐tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody on cytokine levels in patients with sepsis , 1993, Critical care medicine.

[23]  R. Bast,et al.  Regulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha processing by a metalloproteinase inhibitor. , 1994, Nature.

[24]  D. Boraschi,et al.  PRO cytokine strategies , 1991 .

[25]  H. Holtmann,et al.  Antibodies to a soluble form of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor have TNF-like activity. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[26]  B. Brenner,et al.  Interleukin 1 induces prolonged L-arginine-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nitrite production in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. , 1991, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[27]  M. Turner,et al.  Modulation of cytokine production by transforming growth factor-beta. , 1989, Journal of immunology.

[28]  S. Opal,et al.  Initial evaluation of human recombinant interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of sepsis syndrome: A randomized, open‐label, placebocontrolled multicenter trial , 1994, Critical care medicine.

[29]  R. Locksley,et al.  Myristyl acylation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha precursor on specific lysine residues , 1992, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[30]  R. Bast,et al.  Regulation of tumour necrosis factor-α processing by a metalloproteinase inhibitor , 1994, Nature.

[31]  L. Shapiro,et al.  Detection of tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor p55 in blood samples from healthy and endotoxemic humans. , 1993, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[32]  J. Mier,et al.  Pharmacokinetics, safety and immunomodulatory effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in healthy humans. , 1992, Cytokine.

[33]  L Bibbs,et al.  A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells. , 1994, Science.

[34]  L. Moldawer,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro and in vivo. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  H. Tabuchi,et al.  Recombinant soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor proteins protect mice from lipopolysaccharide‐induced lethality , 1991, European journal of immunology.

[36]  G. Slotman,et al.  THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL-1ra) ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND LEUKOTRIENES IN SEPTIC PATIENTS , 1994 .

[37]  S. Moncada,et al.  Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. , 1991, Pharmacological reviews.

[38]  R. Locksley,et al.  The 31-kDa precursor of interleukin 1 alpha is myristoylated on specific lysines within the 16-kDa N-terminal propiece. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[39]  D. Wallach,et al.  Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors , 1992, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[40]  M. Gelb,et al.  Interleukin 1 alpha causes rapid activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by phosphorylation in rat mesangial cells. , 1994, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[41]  J. Mier,et al.  Hematologic and immunomodulatory effects of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist coinfusion during low-dose endotoxemia in healthy humans. , 1993, Blood.

[42]  J. Lowenthal,et al.  A urine inhibitor of interleukin 1 activity that blocks ligand binding. , 1987, Journal of immunology.

[43]  U. Gullberg,et al.  Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) binding proteins (soluble TNF receptor forms) with possible roles in inflammation and malignancy. , 1993, European cytokine network.

[44]  Robert C. Thompson,et al.  Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity of a human interleukin-1 inhibitor , 1990, Nature.

[45]  P. Roux‐Lombard,et al.  Tumour necrosis factor soluble receptors behave as acute phase reactants following surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic osteomyelitis and osteoarthritis , 1993, Clinical and experimental immunology.

[46]  J. Vincent,et al.  Administration of anti-TNF antibody improves left ventricular function in septic shock patients. Results of a pilot study. , 1992, Chest.

[47]  R. Thompson,et al.  Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist prevents Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced hypotension and reduces circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 beta in rabbits , 1993, Infection and immunity.

[48]  A. H. Drummond,et al.  Processing of tumour necrosis factor-alpha precursor by metalloproteinases. , 1994, Nature.

[49]  J. Nerup,et al.  Circulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist concentrations are increased in adult patients with thermal injury. , 1995, Critical care medicine.

[50]  Jerry L. Adams,et al.  A protein kinase involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine biosynthesis , 1994, Nature.

[51]  T. Ikejima,et al.  Interleukin 1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits. Synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition. , 1988, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[52]  C. Thiemermann,et al.  Interleukin-1 contributes to the induction of nitric oxide synthase by endotoxin in vivo. , 1993, European journal of pharmacology.

[53]  K. Tracey,et al.  Antibodies to cachectin/tumor necrosis factor reduce interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 appearance during lethal bacteremia , 1989, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[54]  I. Orlow,et al.  Activation of the sphingomyelin signaling pathway in intact EL4 cells and in a cell-free system by IL-1 beta. , 1993, Science.

[55]  C. Dinarello,et al.  Interleukin-6 as an endogenous pyrogen: induction of prostaglandin E2 in brain but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells , 1991, Brain Research.

[56]  L. Moldawer,et al.  Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist circulates in experimental inflammation and in human disease. , 1992, Blood.

[57]  J. Dayer,et al.  Modulation of IL-1 inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties by IL-6. , 1991, European cytokine network.

[58]  A. Vander,et al.  In vivo evidence that the rise in plasma IL 6 following injection of a fever-inducing dose of LPS is mediated by IL 1 beta. , 1990, Cytokine.

[59]  C. Dinarello,et al.  Production of interleukin-1-receptor antagonist during experimental endotoxaemia , 1991, The Lancet.

[60]  F. Guesdon,et al.  Specific activation of beta-casein kinase by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor. , 1994, The Biochemical journal.

[61]  S. Schwaitzberg,et al.  Glycosylated recombinant human tumor necrosis factor binding protein-1 reduces mortality, shock, and production of tumor necrosis factor in rabbit Escherichia coli sepsis. , 1995, Critical care medicine.

[62]  G. Koch,et al.  Efficacy and Safety of Monoclonal Antibody to Human Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Patients With Sepsis Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind, Multicenter Clinical Trial , 1995 .

[63]  J. Woody,et al.  Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor α (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis , 1994, The Lancet.

[64]  M. Kracht,et al.  Interleukin 1 alpha activates two forms of p54 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase in rabbit liver , 1994, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[65]  D. Dripps,et al.  Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist binds to the 80-kDa IL-1 receptor but does not initiate IL-1 signal transduction. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[66]  T. van der Poll,et al.  Activation of coagulation after administration of tumor necrosis factor to normal subjects. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[67]  C J Fisher,et al.  The clinical evaluation of new drugs for sepsis. A prospective study design based on survival analysis. , 1993, JAMA.

[68]  T. J. Hayes,et al.  Comparison between effects of interleukin-1 alpha administration and sublethal endotoxemia in primates. , 1991, The American journal of physiology.

[69]  M. T. Brewer,et al.  Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist , 1990, Nature.

[70]  D. Wallach,et al.  Increased serum levels of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in cancer patients. , 1991, Cancer research.

[71]  H. Mühl,et al.  Two distinct signaling pathways trigger the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat renal mesangial cells. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[72]  R. F. Johnston,et al.  Recombinant Human Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist in the Treatment of Patients With Sepsis Syndrome: Results From a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial , 1994 .

[73]  H. Büller,et al.  Effects on leukocytes after injection of tumor necrosis factor into healthy humans , 1992 .

[74]  D. Wallach,et al.  A tumor necrosis factor-binding protein purified to homogeneity from human urine protects cells from tumor necrosis factor toxicity. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[75]  J. Hsuan,et al.  Interleukin-1 activates a novel protein kinase cascade that results in the phosphorylation of hsp27 , 1994, Cell.

[76]  Kevin J. Tracey,et al.  Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia , 1987, Nature.

[77]  R. Bone,et al.  Plasma Cytokine and Endotoxin Levels Correlate with Survival in Patients with the Sepsis Syndrome , 1993, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[78]  C. Perez,et al.  A novel form of TNF/cachectin is a cell surface cytotoxic transmembrane protein: Ramifications for the complex physiology of TNF , 1988, Cell.

[79]  M. Gerhart,et al.  Protection against a lethal dose of endotoxin by an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor processing , 1994, Nature.

[80]  T. Fahey,et al.  Interleukin 1 receptor blockade attenuates the host inflammatory response. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.