Environmental Policy and Innovation: an International Comparison of Policy Frameworks and Innovation Effects

Lasting environmental quality and availability of natural resources within a sustainable development would appear to require fundamental changes in existing modes of production and lifestyles. Strategies for achieving sustainability goals can be divided into two categories: sufficiency strategies and efficiency strategies. The former are aimed at changing behaviour, while the latter emphasise the necessity of comprehensive technological change. Environmental innovation is meant to reduce consumption of resources, limit pollution of the environment and — taking note of a crisis in available resources — substitute environmental capital with produced capital.

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