Flash-point prediction for binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents.

Flash point is the most important variable used to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquids. Herein, partially miscible mixtures are presented within the context of liquid-liquid extraction processes. This paper describes development of a model for predicting the flash point of binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents. To confirm the predictive efficacy of the derived flash points, the model was verified by comparing the predicted values with the experimental data for the studied mixtures: methanol+octane; methanol+decane; acetone+decane; methanol+2,2,4-trimethylpentane; and, ethanol+tetradecane. Our results reveal that immiscibility in the two liquid phases should not be ignored in the prediction of flash point. Overall, the predictive results of this proposed model describe the experimental data well. Based on this evidence, therefore, it appears reasonable to suggest potential application for our model in assessment of fire and explosion hazards, and development of inherently safer designs for chemical processes containing binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents.

[1]  Frank Pearson Lees,et al.  Loss prevention in the process industries : hazard identification, assessment, and control , 1980 .

[2]  Horng-Jang Liaw,et al.  The prediction of the flash point for binary aqueous-organic solutions. , 2003, Journal of hazardous materials.

[3]  Horng-Jang Liaw,et al.  A model for predicting the flash point of ternary flammable solutions of liquid , 2004 .

[4]  R. Wayne Garland,et al.  Evaluating vent manifold inerting requirements: Flash point modeling for organic acid‐water mixtures , 2002 .

[5]  J. Prausnitz,et al.  LOCAL COMPOSITIONS IN THERMODYNAMIC EXCESS FUNCTIONS FOR LIQUID MIXTURES , 1968 .

[6]  Hiroyuki Matsuda,et al.  Liquid–liquid equilibrium data for binary alcohol + n-alkane (C10–C16) systems: methanol + decane, ethanol + tetradecane, and ethanol + hexadecane , 2004 .

[7]  H.-J. Liaw,et al.  Binary liquid solutions exhibiting minimum flash-point behavior , 2003 .

[8]  P. Alessi,et al.  Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium , 1992, Distillation.

[9]  J. Tojo,et al.  Liquid phase behaviour and thermodynamics of acetone+methanol+n-alkane (C9–C12) mixtures , 2003 .

[10]  Horng-Jang Liaw,et al.  A general model for predicting the flash point of miscible mixtures. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[11]  T. Katayama,et al.  MODIFIED WILSON EQUATION FOR VAPOR-LIQUID AND LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA , 1975 .

[12]  A non-ideal model for predicting the effect of dissolved salt on the flash point of solvent mixtures. , 2007, Journal of hazardous materials.

[13]  Susan Budavari,et al.  The Merck index , 1998 .

[14]  R. Reid,et al.  The Properties of Gases and Liquids , 1977 .

[15]  K. Kojima,et al.  Liquid-Liquid Solubilities for the Binary Systems of Methanol with Octane and 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane , 2002 .

[16]  J. Prausnitz,et al.  Statistical thermodynamics of liquid mixtures: A new expression for the excess Gibbs energy of partly or completely miscible systems , 1975 .

[17]  H. C. Van Ness,et al.  Classical thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte solutions : with applications to phase equilibria , 1982 .

[18]  Michael F. Doherty,et al.  Design and synthesis of heterogeneous azeotropic distillations—I. Heterogeneous phase diagrams , 1990 .

[19]  C. Beyler,et al.  Flame spread on aviation fuels , 1997 .

[20]  G. M. Wilson,et al.  Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium. XI. A New Expression for the Excess Free Energy of Mixing , 1964 .

[21]  Daniel A. Crowl,et al.  Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications , 2001 .

[22]  Horng-Jang Liaw,et al.  Binary mixtures exhibiting maximum flash-point behavior. , 2007, Journal of hazardous materials.

[23]  Horng-Jang Liaw,et al.  A mathematical model for predicting the flash point of binary solutions , 2002 .

[24]  J. Smith,et al.  Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics , 1949 .

[25]  George W. McLaren,et al.  Flammability properties of hydrocarbon solutions in air , 1972 .

[26]  Aw Drews.  Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester , 1998 .