Metabolism of sodium nitroprusside and cyanide in the dog.

Blood cyanide (HCN) and thiocyanate (SCN) concentrations were measured at intervals in anaesthetized dogs given bolus doses of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 1 mg kg-1 or potassium cyanide 1.07 mg kg-1 and in animals infused with SNP 1.5 mg kg-1 for 1 h. Cyanide appeared rapidly in the red cells to give peak concentrations which accounted for more than 90% of the total blood HCN. A delay between the peak plasma and red cell HCN concentrations confirmed that some of the SNP was degraded in the plasma. Comparison of HCN and SCN concentrations with those measured previously in patients receiving an infusion of SNP suggests that the degradation of SNP and detoxication of HCN may be more rapid in the dog. The various pathways of HCN detoxication are discussed in relation to the reduced formation of SCN in dogs receiving SNP compared with those receiving KCN.

[1]  C. Vesey,et al.  Some physiological and metabolic effects of sodium nitroprusside and cyanide in the dog. , 1979, British journal of anaesthesia.

[2]  C. Vesey,et al.  Red cell cyanide , 1978, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[3]  J. Hurtig,et al.  Cyanide toxicity following nitroprusside induced hypotension , 1977, Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal.

[4]  B Ballantyne,et al.  In vitro production of cyanide in normal human blood and the influence of thiocyanate and storage temperature. , 1977, Clinical toxicology.

[5]  N. Bennett,et al.  The use of sodium nitroprusside in children , 1977, Anaesthesia.

[6]  R. Smith,et al.  Nitroprusside and cyanide. , 1977, British journal of anaesthesia.

[7]  J. Michenfelder.  Cyanide release from sodium nitroprusside in the dog. , 1977, Anesthesiology.

[8]  C. Vesey,et al.  THE METABOLISM AND TOXICITY OF SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE , 1977 .

[9]  J D Michenfelder,et al.  Sodium Nitroprusside: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics , 1976, Anesthesiology.

[10]  D. Steward,et al.  Sodium nitroprusside in children: Observations on metabolism during normal and abnormal responses , 1975, Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal.

[11]  I. Munro,et al.  A Sudden death associated with the use of sodium nitroprusside for induction of hypotension during anaesthesia , 1975, Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal.

[12]  D. Hopkin.  Sodium Nitroprusside in Anaesthesia , 1975 .

[13]  R. Smith,et al.  Nitroprusside produces cyanide poisoning via reaction with hemoglobin. , 1974, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[14]  J M Turner,et al.  The toxicity of sodium nitroprusside. , 1974, British journal of anaesthesia.

[15]  C. Vesey,et al.  Some Metabolic Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside in Man , 1974, British medical journal.

[16]  B. Osuntokun.  Chronic cyanide neurotoxicity and neuropathy in Nigerians. , 1972 .

[17]  A. Morell,et al.  A Study of the Copper Content of β-Mercaptopyruvate Trans-sulfurase , 1967 .

[18]  F. Ellis,et al.  Plasma thiocyanate and vitamin B12 in neurological disease. , 1966 .

[19]  P. L. Altman,et al.  Blood and Other Body Fluids , 1961, Pediatrics.

[20]  J. L. Wood,et al.  Detoxication of cyanide by cystine. , 1956, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[21]  I. Page,et al.  Cardiovascular Actions of Sodium Nitroprusside in Animals and Hypertensive Patients , 1955, Circulation.

[22]  F. Rieders,et al.  Conversion of thiocyanate to cyanide by an erythrocytic enzyme. , 1953, The American journal of physiology.

[23]  G. E. Boxer,et al.  Determination of traces of hydrogen cyanide in respiratory air. , 1952, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[24]  G. E. Boxer,et al.  Studies on the metabolism of the carbon of cyanide and thiocyanate. , 1952, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[25]  F. Goldstein.  The colorimetric determination of thiocyanate in whole blood. , 1950, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[26]  W. Himwich,et al.  Enzymatic conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate. , 1948, The American journal of physiology.

[27]  V. J. Albericci.  Rapid colorimetric estimation of iodine in kelp. , 1945, The Analyst.

[28]  W. Aldridge.  The estimation of micro quantities of cyanide and thiocyanate. , 1945, The Analyst.

[29]  J. Seabury,et al.  THIOCYANATE FORMATION IN CYANIDE POISONING AS AFFECTED BY METHYLENE BLUE AND SODIUM NITRITE , 1940 .

[30]  A. Gettler,et al.  THE TOXICOLOGY OF CYANIDE , 1938 .