Coupling hydraulic with mechanical models for unsaturated soils

This paper presents an alternative method to couple the hydraulic component with the mechanical component in a constitutive model for unsaturated soils. Some pioneering work on hydromechanical coupling is reviewed. Generalized constitutive relations on coupled hydromechanical behaviour are introduced. These generalized constitutive relations are then incorporated into existing mechanical and hydraulic models for unsaturated soils. A new coupling mechanism is proposed based on the fact that soil-water characteristic equations are usually obtained for constant stress, not constant volume. The proposed coupling mechanism also satisfies the intrinsic relationship between the degree of saturation and the volumetric strain for undrained compression. Numerical examples are presented to show the performance of the proposed model in pre- dicting soil behaviour along drying and loading paths. Finally, the model is validated against experimental data for different soils. Resume : Cet article presente une methode alternative pour coupler la composante hydraulique avec la composante meca- nique dans un modele constitutif pour les sols non satures. Une revue de certains travaux innovateurs sur le couplage hydro- mecanique a ete realisee. Des relations constitutives generalisees sur le comportement hydromecanique sont introduites. Ces relations constitutives generalisees sont ensuite incluses dans des modeles hydrauliques et mecaniques existants pour des sols non satures. Un nouveau mecanisme de couplage est propose, base sur le fait que les equations de retention d'eau sont normalement obtenues dans des conditions de contrainte constante, et non pas de volume constant. Le mecanisme de cou- plage propose satisfait aussi la relation intrinseque entre le degre de saturation et la deformation volumetrique pour la com- pression non drainee. Des exemples numeriques sont presentes pour demontrer la performance du modele propose a predire le comportement du sol en sechage et en chargement. Enfin, le modele est valide a l'aide de resultats experimentaux pour differents sols. Mots-cles : couplage hydromecanique, sols non satures, retention de l'eau du sol, effet de densite, courbe de retention d'eau (CRE). (Traduit par la Redaction)

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