Erosion–corrosion at different locations of X65 carbon steel elbow

Abstract Erosion–corrosion (E–C) behavior of X65 pipeline elbow was investigated by array electrodes technique and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The four components (pure corrosion rate, pure erosion rate, erosion–enhanced corrosion rate and corrosion–enhanced erosion rate) of E–C rate at different locations of an elbow were quantified. The percentages of these four components were also determined to reveal the dominant factor and the essential difference in E–C at different locations of the elbow due to the change in hydrodynamics. The distribution of E–C rate is in good accordance with the hydrodynamics and sand particles distribution at the elbow.

[1]  Jingli Luo,et al.  Interaction of mechanical and electrochemical factors in erosion–corrosion of carbon steel , 2005 .

[2]  Y. Tan.  Sensing electrode inhomogeneity and electrochemical heterogeneity using an electrochemically integrated multielectrode array , 2009 .

[3]  G. T. Burstein,et al.  Detecting electrochemical transients generated by erosion–corrosion , 2001 .

[4]  John R. Shadley,et al.  A Procedure to Predict Solid Particle Erosion in Elbows and Tees , 1995 .

[5]  R. Oltra,et al.  Abrasion-corrosion studies of passive stainless steels in acidic media: combination of acoustic emission and electrochemical techniques , 1995 .

[6]  Hiroshi Tsukamoto,et al.  Flow of mono-dispersed particles through horizontal bend , 2013 .

[7]  Y. F. Cheng,et al.  Electrochemical characterization and computational fluid dynamics simulation of flow-accelerated corrosion of X65 steel in a CO2-saturated oilfield formation water , 2010 .

[8]  Margaret Stack,et al.  Mapping erosion-corrosion of carbon steel in oil exploration conditions: some new approaches to characterizing mechanisms and synergies , 2010 .

[9]  Yuanqiang Tan,et al.  Numerical simulation of concrete pumping process and investigation of wear mechanism of the piping wall , 2011 .

[10]  S. Nešić,et al.  Erosion-corrosion and synergistic effects in disturbed liquid-particle flow , 2007 .

[11]  P. Jenkins,et al.  Heterogeneous corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in water contaminated biodiesel , 2011 .

[12]  Yuhong Zheng,et al.  Erosion-corrosion of HVOF-sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coating under impingement by a sand-containing NaCl solution , 2013 .

[13]  Robert J.K. Wood,et al.  Comparison of predicted and experimental erosion estimates in slurry ducts , 2004 .

[14]  A. Neville,et al.  Alleviation of erosion–corrosion damage by liquid–sand impact through use of chemicals , 2005 .

[15]  A. Neville,et al.  Case study on erosion–corrosion degradation of pipework located on an offshore oil and gas facility , 2011 .

[16]  Rakesh Mishra,et al.  Study of wear characteristics and solid distribution in constant area and erosion-resistant long-radius pipe bends for the flow of multisized particulate slurries , 1998 .

[17]  Xinming Hu,et al.  Mechanical and electrochemical interactions during liquid-solid impingement on high-alloy stainless steels , 2001 .

[18]  K. Stokes,et al.  Electro-mechanical interactions during erosion–corrosion , 2009 .

[19]  S. Shirazi,et al.  A Comprehensive Procedure to Estimate Erosion in Elbows for Gas/Liquid/Sand Multiphase Flow , 2006 .

[20]  J. Postlethwaite.  Effect of Chromate Inhibitor on the Mechanical and Electrochemical Components of Erosion-Corrosion in Aqueous Slurries of Sand , 1981 .

[21]  G. T. Burstein,et al.  The Effects of Bicarbonate on the Corrosion and Passivation of Iron , 1980 .

[22]  M. Stack,et al.  Mapping erosion-corrosion of carbon steel in oil-water solutions: Effect of velocity and applied potential , 2012 .

[23]  Stein Olsen,et al.  An Electrochemical Model for Prediction of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Solutions , 1996 .

[24]  N. Aung,et al.  Novel corrosion experiments using the wire beam electrode: (III) Measuring electrochemical corrosion parameters from both the metallic and electrolytic phases , 2006 .

[25]  Margaret Stack,et al.  A new methodology for modelling erosion–corrosion regimes on real surfaces : Gliding down the galvanic series for a range of metal-corrosion systems , 2010 .

[26]  D. Northwood,et al.  The effect of erosion on the electrochemical properties of AISI 1020 steel , 2003 .

[27]  Guoan Zhang,et al.  Corrosion of X65 steel in CO2-saturated oilfield formation water in the absence and presence of acetic acid , 2009 .

[28]  Guoan Zhang,et al.  A study of flow accelerated corrosion at elbow of carbon steel pipeline by array electrode and computational fluid dynamics simulation , 2013 .

[29]  Marco Enrico Ricotti,et al.  Evaluation of erosion–corrosion in multiphase flow via CFD and experimental analysis , 2003 .

[30]  J. Bockris,et al.  The kinetics of deposition and dissolution of iron: Effect of alloying impurities☆ , 1962 .

[31]  Y. F. Cheng,et al.  Parametric effects on the erosion–corrosion rate and mechanism of carbon steel pipes in oil sands slurry , 2012 .

[32]  W. E. White,et al.  Some Observations on Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Environments Containing Carbon Dioxide , 1986 .

[33]  Z. Farhat,et al.  Erosion enhanced corrosion and corrosion enhanced erosion of API X-70 pipeline steel , 2013 .

[34]  Hammad Mazhar,et al.  The hydrodynamic effects of single-phase flow on flow accelerated corrosion in a 90-degree elbow , 2010 .

[35]  Y. F. Cheng,et al.  Electrochemical corrosion behavior of X-65 steel in the simulated oil sand slurry. I. Effects of hydrodynamic condition , 2008 .

[36]  John R. Shadley,et al.  Generalization of the API RP 14E Guideline for Erosive Services , 1995 .

[37]  Y. F. Cheng,et al.  Investigation of erosion–corrosion of 3003 aluminum alloy in ethylene glycol–water solution by impingement jet system , 2009 .

[38]  Wei Ke,et al.  Effect of flow velocity and entrained sand on inhibition performances of two inhibitors for CO2 corrosion of N80 steel in 3% NaCl solution , 2005 .

[39]  Guoan Zhang,et al.  On the fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion of X65 steel in CO2-containing formation water in the presence of acetic acid in petroleum production , 2009 .

[40]  Z. Farhat,et al.  The synergistic effect between erosion and corrosion of API pipeline in CO2 and saline medium , 2013 .

[41]  Kotoji Ando,et al.  Experimental study of low-cycle fatigue of pipe elbows with local wall thinning and life estimation using finite element analysis , 2010 .