Binary oscillatory cross-flow electrophoresis: theory and experiments.

In this article a novel electrophoretic separation technique, Binary Oscillatory Cross-flow Electrophoresis (BOCE), is described. The technique utilizes the interaction of an oscillatory electric field and a transverse oscillatory shear flow to create an active binary filter for the separation of charged protein species. An oscillatory electric field is applied across the narrow gap of a rectangular channel inducing a periodic motion of charged protein species. The amplitude of this motion depends on the dimensionless electrophoretic mobility, alpha = Eomu/omegad, where Eo is the amplitude of the electric field oscillations, mu is the dimensional mobility, omega is the angular frequency of oscillation, and d is the channel gap width. An oscillatory shear flow of the form ū = Deltaxomega(beta + cos(2omegat)) where beta is the fraction of steady flow and Deltax is the tidal displacement, is induced along the length of the channel resulting in the separation of species with different mobilities. An analytic model is presented that predicts the induced convective velocity of solute species as a function of alpha and beta in the absence of diffusion. Numerical simulations including diffusion support these predictions, and determine the time history of the concentration profiles in a separation cell and connecting reservoirs. In experiments using a model protein system including bovine serum albumen (BSA) and bovine hemoglobin (BHb), solute throughputs of 37 mg/h of 92% pure BSA have been observed in a small separation cell with a volume of 3 mL. These results are in close agreement with theoretical predictions.

[1]  D. Pimentel,et al.  Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment: Science, Policy, and Social Issues , 1996 .

[2]  H. Pratt,et al.  Electrophoretic mobilities of proteins and protein mixtures , 1995 .

[3]  Saville Electrohydrodynamic deformation of a particulate stream by a transverse electric field. , 1993, Physical review letters.

[4]  D. Leighton,et al.  Oscillatory cross‐flow electrophoresis , 1991 .

[5]  H. Y. Cheh,et al.  Continuous Free Flow Electrophoresis in an Alternating Electric Field with a Variable Buffer Flow , 1990 .

[6]  Percy H. Rhodes,et al.  Electrohydrodynamic distortion of sample streams in continuous flow electrophoresis , 1989 .

[7]  C. Ivory The Prospects for Large-Scale Electrophoresis , 1988 .

[8]  J. Giddings Cyclical-field field-flow fractionation: a new method based on transport rates , 1986 .

[9]  Aleksandr Petrovich Demchenko,et al.  Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Proteins , 1986, 1987.

[10]  E. J. Watson Diffusion in oscillatory pipe flow , 1983, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[11]  J. Calvin Giddings,et al.  Electrical Field-Flow Fractionation of Proteins , 1972, Science.

[12]  R. Aris,et al.  On the dispersion of a solute by diffusion, convection and exchange between phases , 1959, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[13]  T. Harrison THE TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. , 1893, Science.

[14]  M. Dietz,et al.  Focusing counterparts of electrical field flow fractionation and capillary zone electrophoresis , 1989 .

[15]  Joe M. Davis,et al.  Retention by electrical field-flow fractionation of anions in a new apparatus with annular porous glass channels , 1987 .

[16]  M. N. Myers,et al.  Analysis of biological macromolecules and particles by field-flow fractionation. , 1980, Methods of biochemical analysis.

[17]  Arne Tiselius,et al.  A new apparatus for electrophoretic analysis of colloidal mixtures , 1937 .