Markov random field image segmentation using cellular neural network

Markovian approaches to early vision processes need a huge amount of computing power. These algorithms can usually be implemented on parallel computing structures. With the Cellular Neural Networks (CNN), a new image processing tool is coming into consideration. Its VLSI implementation takes place on a single analog chip containing several thousands of cells. Herein we use the CNN UM architecture for statistical image segmentation. The Modified Metropolis Dynamics (MMD) method can be implemented into the raw analog architecture of the CNN. We are able to implement a (pseudo) random field generator using one layer (one memory/cell) of the CNN. We can introduce the whole pseudostochastic segmentation process in the CNN architecture using 8 memories/cell. We use simple arithmetic functions (addition, multiplication), equality-test between neighboring pixels and very simple nonlinear output functions (step, jigsaw). With this architecture, a real VLSI CNN chip can execute a pseudostochastic relaxation algorithm of about 100 iterations in about 1 ms. In the proposed solution the segmentation is unsupervised. We have developed a pixel-level statistical estimation model. The CNN turns the original image into a smooth one. Then we have two gray-level values for every pixel: the original and the smoothed one. These two values are used for estimating the probability distribution of region label at a given pixel. Using the conventional first-order Markov Random Field (MRF) model, some misclassification errors remained at the region boundaries, because of the estimation difficulties in case of low SNR. By using a greater neighborhood, this problem has been avoided. In our CNN experiments, we used a simulation system with a fixed-point integer precision of 16 bits. Our results show that even in the case of the very constrained conditions of value-representations (the interval is (-64,+64), the accuracy is 0.002) can result in an effective and acceptable segmentation.