Attentional functions of parietal and frontal cortex.

A model of normal attentional function, based on the concept of competitive parallel processing, is used to compare attentional deficits following parietal and frontal lobe lesions. Measurements are obtained for visual processing speed, capacity of visual short-term memory (VSTM), spatial bias (bias to left or right hemifield) and top-down control (selective attention based on task relevance). The results show important differences, but also surprising similarities, in parietal and frontal lobe patients. For processing speed and VSTM, deficits are selectively associated with parietal lesions, in particular lesions of the temporoparietal junction. We discuss explanations based on either grey matter or white matter lesions. In striking contrast, measures of attentional weighting (spatial bias and top-down control) are predicted by simple lesion volume. We suggest that attentional weights reflect competition between broadly distributed object representations. Parietal and frontal mechanisms work together, both in weighting by location and weighting by task context.

[1]  S. Weintraub,et al.  Mental state assessment of young and elderly adults in behavioral neurology , 1985 .

[2]  R. Malach,et al.  Object-related activity revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging in human occipital cortex. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  G Vallar,et al.  Anatomical correlates of visual and tactile extinction in humans: a clinical CT scan study. , 1994, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[4]  R. Knight,et al.  Neural origins of the P300. , 2000, Critical reviews in neurobiology.

[5]  H. Coslett,et al.  Simultanagnosia. To see but not two see. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[6]  C. Rorden,et al.  Stereotaxic display of brain lesions. , 2000, Behavioural neurology.

[7]  Glyn W. Humphreys,et al.  Processing fragmented forms and strategic control of orienting in visual neglect , 1996 .

[8]  Ian H. Robertson,et al.  Do We Need the “Lateral” in Unilateral Neglect? Spatially Nonselective Attention Deficits in Unilateral Neglect and Their Implications for Rehabilitation , 2001, NeuroImage.

[9]  G Humphreys,et al.  Systematic analysis of deficits in visual attention. , 1999, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[10]  M Corbetta,et al.  Attentional modulation of neural processing of shape, color, and velocity in humans. , 1990, Science.

[11]  P. Halligan,et al.  Measuring visual neglect in acute stroke and predicting its recovery: the visual neglect recovery index. , 1992, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[12]  John Duncan,et al.  A neural basis for visual search in inferior temporal cortex , 1993, Nature.

[13]  E. Miller,et al.  Memory fields of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  R. M. Siegel,et al.  Corticocortical connections of anatomically and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[15]  G. Mangun,et al.  The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[16]  David E. Rumelhart,et al.  A multicomponent theory of the perception of briefly exposed visual displays , 1970 .

[17]  平林 一,et al.  Behavioural Inattention Test--Conventional sub-testsの紹介とその問題点 , 1999 .

[18]  B BenderMorris,et al.  DISORDERS IN PERCEPTION , 1954 .

[19]  John Duncan,et al.  Attentional Functions in Dorsal and Ventral Simultanagnosia , 2003, Cognitive neuropsychology.

[20]  J. Downar,et al.  The Effect of Task Relevance on the Cortical Response to Changes in Visual and Auditory Stimuli: An Event-Related fMRI Study , 2001, NeuroImage.

[21]  C. Bundesen.  A theory of visual attention. , 1990, Psychological review.

[22]  Hans-Otto Karnath,et al.  Deficits of attention in acute and recovered visual hemi-neglect , 1988, Neuropsychologia.

[23]  M. Corbetta,et al.  Neural Systems for Visual Orienting and Their Relationships to Spatial Working Memory , 2002, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[24]  Chris Rorden,et al.  Spatial Normalization of Brain Images with Focal Lesions Using Cost Function Masking , 2001, NeuroImage.

[25]  N. Tzourio-Mazoyer,et al.  Automated Anatomical Labeling of Activations in SPM Using a Macroscopic Anatomical Parcellation of the MNI MRI Single-Subject Brain , 2002, NeuroImage.

[26]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Microsaccadic eye movements and firing of single cells in the striate cortex of macaque monkeys , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[27]  S. Dehaene,et al.  Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the Visual Word Form Area. , 2002, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[28]  R. Cabeza,et al.  Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies , 2000, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[29]  J. Gore,et al.  A Stimulus-Driven Approach to Object Identity and Location Processing in the Human Brain , 2000, Neuron.

[30]  M. B. Bender,et al.  Disorders in perception : with particular reference to the phenomena of extinction and displacement , 1952 .

[31]  Jordan Grafman,et al.  Handbook of Neuropsychology , 1991 .

[32]  J. Duncan.  Selective attention and the organization of visual information. , 1984, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[33]  Maro G. Machizawa,et al.  Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex , 2004 .

[34]  E. Miller,et al.  An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. , 2001, Annual review of neuroscience.

[35]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Posterior parietal cortex and the filtering of distractors , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Matching patterns of activity in primate prefrontal area 8a and parietal area 7ip neurons during a spatial working memory task. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[37]  A. Baddeley,et al.  The Spot-the-Word test: a robust estimate of verbal intelligence based on lexical decision. , 1993, The British journal of clinical psychology.

[38]  坂上 雅道.  Encoding of behavioral significance of visual stimuli by primate prefrontal neurons: relation to relevant task conditions , 2000 .

[39]  B Giesbrecht,et al.  Neural mechanisms of top-down control during spatial and feature attention , 2003, NeuroImage.

[40]  Chris Rorden,et al.  Non-spatially lateralized mechanisms in hemispatial neglect , 2003, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[41]  J. Downar,et al.  A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment , 2000, Nature Neuroscience.

[42]  Hans Samuelsson,et al.  Anatomical and Neurological Correlates of Acute and Chronic Visuospatial Neglect Following Right Hemisphere Stroke * * Some of the results of this study were presented at: The 5th Nordic Meeting in Neuropsychology, Uppsala, Sweden, August 17-19, 1995. , 1997, Cortex.

[43]  George Sperling,et al.  The information available in brief visual presentations. , 1960 .

[44]  R. Douglas,et al.  Frontal lobe lesions in man cause difficulties in suppressing reflexive glances and in generating goal-directed saccades , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[45]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[46]  R. Goebel,et al.  The functional neuroanatomy of target detection: an fMRI study of visual and auditory oddball tasks. , 1999, Cerebral cortex.

[47]  J. Assad,et al.  Dynamic coding of behaviourally relevant stimuli in parietal cortex , 2002, Nature.

[48]  Earl K. Miller,et al.  Selective representation of relevant information by neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex , 1998, Nature.

[49]  J. Duncan.  An adaptive coding model of neural function in prefrontal cortex , 2001 .

[50]  Monika Harvey,et al.  Psychic paralysis of gaze, optic ataxia, and spatial disorder of attention , 1995 .

[51]  Recommended procedures for pure-tone audiometry using a manually operated instrument. , 1981, The Journal of laryngology and otology.

[52]  R. L. Deininger,et al.  S-R compatibility: correspondence among paired elements within stimulus and response codes. , 1954, Journal of experimental psychology.

[53]  R. Desimone,et al.  Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. , 1995, Annual review of neuroscience.

[54]  C. Frith,et al.  Neural correlates of change detection and change blindness , 2001, Nature Neuroscience.

[55]  N. Kanwisher,et al.  The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[56]  Saul Sternberg,et al.  The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method , 1969 .

[57]  J. Duncan.  Cooperating brain systems in selective perception and action. , 1996 .

[58]  Jon Driver,et al.  Grouping reduces visual extinction: Neuropsychological evidence for weight-linkage in visual selection , 1994 .

[59]  R. Knight,et al.  Lateral prefrontal damage affects processing selection but not attention switching. , 2002, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[60]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Increased Activity in Human Visual Cortex during Directed Attention in the Absence of Visual Stimulation , 1999, Neuron.

[61]  J. Duncan,et al.  Competitive brain activity in visual attention , 1997, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[62]  J. Hornak,et al.  Visual neglect in the monkey. Representation and disconnection. , 1997, Brain : a journal of neurology.