Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme Antibacterial substances

As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, a screening study of antibacterial substances has been performed during 2013. Substances selected for analysis were triclosan, triclocarban, silver and the degradation products methyl triclosan and 3,4-dicloroaniline (3,4-DCA).The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of the selected substances in municipal wastewater treatment plants and to assess the occurrence and levels in recipients and local background stations in the vicinity of municipal waste water treatment plants (WWTPs).Samples were taken at six different WWTPs and covered influent and effluent water, sludge and sediments and fish collected in the vicinity of the WWTP outlet. A total of 30 samples were analysed.Triclosan was found in all matrices sampled, and consistently occurred in highest concentrations of the organic substances, with the exception of sediment, where triclocarban concentrations were in the same order of magnitude. The triclosan concentrations in sludge (890-1800 ng/g dw) incoming water (81-130 ng/l) and outgoing water (27-52 ng/l) from WWTPs were similar to previously reported concentrations and indicate that the decreasing trend in sludge appears to be levelling off.Methyl-triclosan was mainly present in sludge, and the levels were about a factor of 200 lower than triclosan concentrations.Triclocarban was commonly found in WWTP influents, sludge and sediments but was not found in biota and only in one effluent sample. The sediment concentrations were comparable to the triclosan levels whereas concentrations in sludge and WWTP influents were a factor of 7.5 and 4 lower, respectively.3,4-DCA (and also 4-chloroaniline, another degradation product of triclocarban), were not detected in any sample, but the quantification limits were higher for these compounds than for the mother compound. The quantification limits were, however, substantially lower than measured concentrations of 3,4-DCA in regions outside of Sweden.Silver was found in sediment and sludge, but not in biota or effluent water and only in one sample of WWTP influent water. The concentrations in sludge were similar to previously reported values.

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