Fluorescent Microspheres Are Reliable for Serial Bone Blood Flow Measurements

The fluorescent microsphere method is one of the current techniques to determine regional blood flow in various organs. The purpose of this study was to examine the suitability of fluorescent microspheres for serial measurement of regional bone blood flow. Six anesthetized female New Zealand rabbits received five left ventricular injections of fluorescent microspheres in 20-minute intervals. To test the precision of the measurement two types of fluorescent microspheres were injected simultaneously at the first and last injections. Blood flow was calculated in the kidneys, lungs, brain, femurs, and tibias after measuring the fluorescence intensity in each reference blood and tissue sample. Comparison of blood-flow values obtained by simultaneously injected microspheres showed an excellent correlation and a minimal percentage difference at the first and last injections, indicating valid measurements of regional bone blood flow. No significant differences were observed when comparing blood flow in the corresponding regions of bones on the right side and left side. Mean blood flow in the femur and tibia significantly increased at the fourth injection whereas flow distribution within the femur and tibia essentially remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Comparison of blood flow values obtained by simultaneously injected microspheres showed moderate agreement for the kidneys and lungs at the last injections. Because this finding might be attributable to disturbances of microcirculation caused by accumulation of spheres in high-flow organs, the increase in regional bone blood flow observed in our experiments has to be interpreted carefully. This study showed that bone blood flow can be determined reliably in anesthetized rabbits by as many as three serial injections of fluorescent microspheres.

[1]  K. Messmer,et al.  Validity of fluorescent microspheres method for bone blood flow measurement during intentional arterial hypotension. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[2]  K. Messmer,et al.  Determination of Regional Bone Blood Flow by Means of Fluorescent Microspheres Using an Automated Sample-Processing Procedure , 2003, European Surgical Research.

[3]  M. Delp,et al.  Site- and compartment-specific changes in bone with hindlimb unloading in mature adult rats. , 2002, Bone.

[4]  R. Glenny,et al.  Extending fluorescent microsphere methods for regional organ blood flow to 13 simultaneous colors. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[5]  R. Zernicke,et al.  Physiological and mechanical adaptation of periarticular cancellous bone after joint ligament injury. , 2001, Journal of applied physiology.

[6]  C. Bünger,et al.  Selective reduction of bone blood flow by short-term treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone. An experimental study in pigs. , 2001, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[7]  C. Reilly,et al.  Intravenous anaesthesia and the rat microcirculation: the dorsal microcirculatory chamber. , 2000, British journal of anaesthesia.

[8]  L. Suva,et al.  Microgravity: a Possible Mechanism for Bone Remodeling Alterations in Skeletal Perfusion with Simulated , 2022 .

[9]  Robb W. Glenny,et al.  Validation of automated spectrofluroimetry for measurement of regional organ perfusion using fluorescent microspheres , 2000, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[10]  S. Egginton,et al.  Development of the Fluorescent Microsphere Technique for Quantifying Regional Blood Flow in Small Mammals , 1999, Experimental physiology.

[11]  K. Messmer,et al.  A new sample-processing unit for the fluorescent microsphere method. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[12]  R. Glenny,et al.  Cerebral blood flow determinations using fluorescent microspheres: variations on the sedimentation method validated , 1999, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[13]  R. Glenny,et al.  Fluorescent microspheres are superior to radioactive microspheres in chronic blood flow measurements. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[14]  R. Zernicke,et al.  Adaptation of bone to physiological stimuli. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.

[15]  C. Moran,et al.  Canine bone blood flow measurements using serial microsphere injections. , 1994, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[16]  M. Brookes,et al.  Bone blood flow in the rat using arteriolar blockade: comparisons between labelled resin particles and microspheres. , 1993, Journal of anatomy.

[17]  R W Glenny,et al.  Validation of fluorescent-labeled microspheres for measurement of regional organ perfusion. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[18]  O. Reikerås,et al.  Blood flow and mechanical properties of healing bone. Femoral osteotomies studied in rats. , 1992, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[19]  V. Hjortdal,et al.  Arteriovenous shunting is not associated with venous congestion in bone: Knee tamponade studied with 15-μm and 50-μm microspheres in immature dogs , 1991 .

[20]  W. Angerson,et al.  Responses of bone and joint blood vessels in cats and rabbits to electrical stimulation of nerves supplying the knee. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[21]  T. R. Davis,et al.  The effect of anaesthesia on the bone blood flow of the rabbit , 1990, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[22]  D. Hungerford,et al.  The effect of sympathectomy on blood flow in bone. Regional distribution and effect over time. , 1987, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[23]  O. Sinanović,et al.  Responsiveness of skeletal muscle branches of the dog femoral artery to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists before and after cold storage. , 1987, Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie.

[24]  D. Altman,et al.  STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT , 1986, The Lancet.

[25]  Gwo‐Jaw Wang,et al.  Femoral Head Blood Flow in Long‐Term Steroid Therapy: Study of Rabbit Model , 1983, Southern medical journal.

[26]  J. Bülow,et al.  Bone blood flow in conscious dogs at rest and during exercise. , 1983, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[27]  D. Hungerford,et al.  Bone blood flow in the femora of anesthetized and conscious dogs in a chronic preparation, using the radioactive tracer microsphere method. , 1982, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[28]  M. Marcus,et al.  Measurement of blood flow to bone and marrow in experimental animals by means of the microsphere technique. , 1981, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[29]  P. Gregg,et al.  Regional distribution of circulating microspheres in the femur of the rabbit. , 1980, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[30]  M. Marcus,et al.  Neurohumoral regulation of blood flow to bones and marrow. , 1979, The American journal of physiology.

[31]  D. Ullyot,et al.  Measurement of cardiac output with and organ trapping of radioactive microspheres. , 1973, Journal of applied physiology.

[32]  J I Hoffman,et al.  Some sources of error in measuring regional blood flow with radioactive microspheres. , 1971, Journal of applied physiology.

[33]  H. Wagner,et al.  Studies of the Circulation with Radioactive Microspheres , 1969, Investigative radiology.

[34]  W. Kane.  Fundamental concepts in bone-blood flow studies. , 1968, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[35]  S. Shim.  Physiology of blood circulation of bone. , 1968, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[36]  A M Rudolph,et al.  The Circulation of the Fetus in Utero: Methods For Studying Distribution of Blood Flow, Cardiac Output And Organ Blood Flow , 1967, Circulation research.

[37]  A. Beckett,et al.  AKUFO AND IBARAPA. , 1965, Lancet.

[38]  A. G. Harris,et al.  Automation of the use of fluorescent microspheres for the determination of blood flow , 2000, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

[39]  F. Sjöberg,et al.  Influence of pentobarbital, propofol and ketamine on skeletal muscle capillary perfusion during hemorrhage: a comparative study in the rabbit. , 1995, International journal of microcirculation, clinical and experimental.

[40]  V. Hjortdal,et al.  Arteriovenous shunting is not associated with venous congestion in bone. Knee tamponade studied with 15-microns and 50-microns microspheres in immature dogs. , 1991, Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[41]  A. Schoutens,et al.  Bone blood flow measured by 85 Sr microspheres and bone seeker clearances in the rat. , 1979, The American journal of physiology.

[42]  T. Yukimura,et al.  Experimental study of measurement of regional bone blood flow in the adult mongrel dog using radioactive microspheres. , 1979, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.