Material–tissue interfaces in implantable systems

Abstract: The reactions on the interface between a technical material and the target tissue determine the performance of an implanted system. This chapter introduces the fundamental mechanisms of the foreign body reaction from an engineering point of view, discusses material selection criteria and material properties for substrates, and provides an overview of isolation and encapsulation materials for implantable sensor and actuator systems. It presents some general design considerations on the sensor and actuator level and concludes with a short overview of methods to reduce the tissue reactions at the interface level.

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