Interferometric second harmonic generation microscopy.

We describe a novel second harmonic generation (SHG) microscope that employs heterodyne detection by interfering the epi directed SHG from a sample with SHG from a reference crystal. In addition, the microscope provides complementary reflectance information based on optical coherence microscopy (OCM). The instrument features dual balanced detection to minimize the effect of source fluctuations, and polarization-sensitive detection to measure the nonlinear susceptibility of the sample. Interferometric detection can potentially improve the sensitivity and thus extend the imaging depth as compared with direct detection of SHG.

[1]  J Mertz,et al.  Membrane imaging by simultaneous second-harmonic generation and two-photon microscopy. , 2000, Optics letters.

[2]  R. K. Chang,et al.  Relative Phase Measurement Between Fundamental and Second-Harmonic Light , 1965 .

[3]  S. Boppart,et al.  Nonlinear optical contrast enhancement for optical coherence tomography. , 2003, Optics express.

[4]  B. Tromberg,et al.  Imaging cells and extracellular matrix in vivo by using second-harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  Daniel A. Higgins,et al.  Optical second harmonic generation as a probe of surface chemistry , 1994 .

[6]  J. Fujimoto,et al.  Optical Coherence Tomography , 1991 .

[7]  W. Webb,et al.  Live tissue intrinsic emission microscopy using multiphoton-excited native fluorescence and second harmonic generation , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  J G Fujimoto,et al.  High-resolution optical coherence microscopy for high-speed, in vivo cellular imaging. , 2003, Optics letters.

[9]  S. Machida,et al.  Simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase in surface second-harmonic generation. , 1998, Optics letters.

[10]  R R Alfano,et al.  Second-harmonic tomography of tissues: errata. , 1998, Optics letters.

[11]  G. Berkovic,et al.  Phase measurements in surface nonlinear optics: The effect of laser beam quality , 1991 .

[12]  J. Izatt,et al.  Optimal interferometer designs for optical coherence tomography. , 1999, Optics letters.

[13]  J. Fujimoto,et al.  Optical coherence microscopy in scattering media. , 1994, Optics letters.

[14]  J Mertz,et al.  Combined scanning optical coherence and two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy. , 1999, Optics letters.

[15]  J. Fujimoto,et al.  Polarization-sensitive low-coherence reflectometer for birefringence characterization and ranging , 1992 .

[16]  L M Loew,et al.  High-resolution nonlinear optical imaging of live cells by second harmonic generation. , 1999, Biophysical journal.

[17]  N. Washburn,et al.  Collinear optical coherence and confocal fluorescence microscopies for tissue engineering. , 2003, Optics express.

[18]  Y. Shen,et al.  Surface properties probed by second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation , 1989, Nature.

[19]  B R Masters,et al.  Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. , 2000, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[20]  Y. Uesu,et al.  Multi-purpose nonlinear optical microscope. Its principle and applications to polar thin-film observation , 1999 .

[21]  M Deutsch,et al.  Connective tissue polarity. Optical second-harmonic microscopy, crossed-beam summation, and small-angle scattering in rat-tail tendon. , 1986, Biophysical journal.

[22]  T. Heinz,et al.  The phase of second-harmonic light generated at an interface and its relation to absolute molecular orientation , 1986 .

[23]  S. Yazdanfar,et al.  An Optical Coherence Microscope for 3-dimensional Imaging in Developmental Biology References and Links , 2022 .