Structure, Organization and Polymorphism of Murine and Human T‐Cell Receptor a and β Chain Gene Families

T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, the two major classes of effector cells in the vertebrate immune system, are capable of recognizing and responding to a virtually infinite range of antigenic determinants. Both populations of cells possess a membrane-bound antigen receptor which mediates the specific response of a given T cell or B cell to a particular antigen, resulting in subsequent antibody production and activation of cell-mediated defenses. While it has long been known that the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes is a membrane-bound immunoglobulin of the IgM class, the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) has proven elusive to molecular characterization until recently. In 1983, using anticlonotypic monoclonal antibodies which affected antigen-specific activation of individual T-cell clones, Meuer et al. (1983) were able to demonstrate that the T-cell antigen receptor is a disulfide-linked heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of a and P chains, each with a molecular weight of approximately 45 kilodaltons. Tryptic peptide analysis of receptors from different T-cell populations revealed the presence of both highly conserved constant and considerably heterogenous variable structure regions consistent with the properties expected for the T-cell antigen receptor (Mclntyre & Allison 1983). Preparation of T cell-specific cDNA libraries by subtractive hybridization with total B cell poly(A)+ RNA and differential screening led to the determination of the nucleotide sequences of a, fi and y chains of the T-cell antigen receptor (Yanagi et al. 1984, Hedrick et al. 1984, Saito

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