A Multi-Point Sensor Based on Optical Fiber for the Measurement of Electrolyte Density in Lead-Acid Batteries

This article describes a multi-point optical fiber-based sensor for the measurement of electrolyte density in lead-acid batteries. It is known that the battery charging process creates stratification, due to the different densities of sulphuric acid and water. In order to study this process, density measurements should be obtained at different depths. The sensor we describe in this paper, unlike traditional sensors, consists of several measurement points, allowing density measurements at different depths inside the battery. The obtained set of measurements helps in determining the charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) of the battery.

[1]  A. Ghatak,et al.  Exact ray paths in bent waveguides. , 1988, Applied optics.

[2]  J. Fullea,et al.  A new method of establishing the state of charge of leadacid batteries with electrolyte circulation , 1989 .

[3]  Takashi Takeo,et al.  Optical Fiber Sensor for Measuring Refractive Index , 1982 .

[4]  A. Boudrioua.  Optical Waveguide Theory , 2010 .

[5]  Dietrich Marcuse,et al.  Field deformation and loss caused by curvature of optical fibers , 1976 .

[6]  Dietrich Marcuse,et al.  Curvature loss formula for optical fibers , 1976 .

[7]  Carmen Vázquez García,et al.  A Self-Referencing Intensity Based Polymer Optical Fiber Sensor for Liquid Detection , 2009, Sensors.

[8]  A. W. Snyder,et al.  Reflection at a Curved Dielectric Lnterface--- Electromagnetic Tunneling , 1975 .

[9]  H. S. Wolff,et al.  iRun: Horizontal and Vertical Shape of a Region-Based Graph Compression , 2022, Sensors.

[10]  Joseba Zubia,et al.  Plastic Optical Fibers: An Introduction to Their Technological Processes and Applications , 2001 .

[11]  R. H. Newnham,et al.  Valve-regulated lead/acid batteries , 1996 .

[12]  Mauro Lomer,et al.  A quasi-distributed level sensor based on a bent side-polished plastic optical fibre cable , 2007 .

[13]  C.M. Penalver,et al.  Fast lead-acid battery charge strategy , 2006, Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06..

[14]  J. Zubía,et al.  Dependence of bending losses on cladding thickness in plastic optical fibers. , 2003, Applied optics.

[15]  G. Hancke.  The measurement of the relative density of homogeneous fluids by means of an optical technique , 1992, [1992] Conference Record IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.

[16]  Francis Berghmans.  Reliability of optical fibers and components (Invited Paper) , 2005, International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors.

[17]  John D. Love,et al.  Power attenuation in bent multimode step-index slab and fibre waveguides , 1978 .

[18]  エイ・ダグラス・メイヤー,et al.  Optical fiber sensor , 1994 .

[19]  Yonglang Guo,et al.  A sensor of sulfuric acid specific gravity for lead-acid batteries , 2005 .

[20]  Lalitkumar Bansal,et al.  Fiber Optic Sensors for Detection of Toxic and Biological Threats , 2007, Sensors.

[21]  Andreas Jossen,et al.  Methods for state-of-charge determination and their applications , 2001 .

[22]  D. Gloge,et al.  Bending loss in multimode fibers with graded and ungraded core index. , 1972, Applied optics.