Railway vehicle tire tread scratch detection method

The invention discloses a railway vehicle tire tread scratch detection method. Based on improvements on form filtering, an energy principle and characteristic Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) selection, through an analysis of vertical vibration acceleration signals of a measuring axle box, wheel fault characteristics are effectively extracted, and tread scratches are detected. According to the invention, first of all, form filtering is used for denoising, then Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is carried out on the signals to obtain multiple IMFs, then a judgment is made according to the energy principle, false modal components are eliminated, finally, an IMF most sensitive to faults is selected, and thus the fault characteristics are extracted. When the method is applied to detection of tire tread scratches of a train, the characteristics of signals of vertical vibration, which are caused by the tire tread scratches, of the axle box in a complex operation environment can be effectively extracted, and tire tread scratch fault detection is realized.