Effects of a dental adhesive incorporating antibacterial monomer on the growth, adherence and membrane integrity of Streptococcus mutans.

OBJECTIVES This study was attempted to incorporate an antibacterial monomer, methacryloxylethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB), into a commercial dental adhesive and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive after being cured against Streptococcus mutans. METHODS DMAE-CB was incorporated at 3% (w/v) into a clinically used dental adhesive, Single Bond 2. Single Bond 2 without DMAE-CB was served as a negative control; Clearfil Protect Bond, containing an intensively researched antibacterial monomer MDPB, was enrolled as a positive control. The effects of the cured adhesives and their eluents on the growth of S. mutans were determined by film contact test and absorbance measurement, respectively. The effects of the cured adhesives on the adherence and membrane integrity of S. mutans were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with fluorescent indicators. RESULTS Compared with negative control, the cured DMAE-CB-incorporated dental adhesive and positive control were found to exhibit inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans (P<0.05), whereas their eluents did not show detectable antibacterial activity. Moreover, the fluorescence analysis of CLSM images demonstrated that the cured DMAE-CB-incorporated adhesive and positive control could hamper the adherence of S. mutans and exert detrimental effect on bacterial membrane integrity (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of DMAE-CB can render dental adhesive with contact antibacterial activity after polymerization via influencing the growth, adherence and membrane integrity of S. mutans.

[1]  J. Dijken.  Influence of Adhesive Systems on Interfacial Dentin Gap Formation In Vitro , 2006 .

[2]  S. Mukherjee,et al.  Inhibition of bacterial colonization by antimicrobial agents incorporated into dental resins. , 1988, Journal of oral rehabilitation.

[3]  Hartmut F Hildebrand,et al.  Antibacterial activities of inorganic agents on six bacteria associated with oral infections by two susceptibility tests. , 2006, International journal of antimicrobial agents.

[4]  L. Edebo,et al.  Long-chain alkanoylcholines, a new category of soft antimicrobial agents that are enzymatically degradable , 1995, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.

[5]  M. Torii,et al.  Antibacterial activity of cured dental resin incorporating the antibacterial monomer MDPB and an adhesion-promoting monomer. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[6]  Z. Cehreli,et al.  Antibacterial activity of fifth-generation dentin bonding systems. , 2001, Journal of endodontics.

[7]  D. J. White,et al.  A method to study sustained antimicrobial activity of rinse and dentifrice components on biofilm viability in vivo. , 2006, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[8]  L. Breschi,et al.  Evaluation of bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on dental restorative materials. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[9]  I. Mjör,et al.  Reasons for replacement of restorations in permanent teeth in general dental practice. , 2000, International dental journal.

[10]  A. Domb,et al.  Antibacterial activity of dental composites containing quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[11]  T. Hayakawa,et al.  Antibacterial activities and bonding of MMSA/TBB resin containing amphiphilic lipids. , 2005, Dental materials journal.

[12]  A. Reis,et al.  Influence of adhesive systems on interfacial dentin gap formation in vitro. , 2006, Operative dentistry.

[13]  Abraham J Domb,et al.  An in vitro quantitative antibacterial analysis of amalgam and composite resins. , 2007, Journal of dentistry.

[14]  H. Nagamune,et al.  Correlation between the bacterioclastic action of a bis-quaternary ammonium compound and outer membrane proteins. , 2006, Biocontrol science.

[15]  Antibacterial functionalization of an experimental self-etching primer by inorganic agents: microbiological and biocompatibility evaluations. , 2007, Biomolecular engineering.

[16]  J. Tagami,et al.  Effect of tooth age on microtensile bond strength of two fluoride-releasing bonding agents. , 2005, The journal of adhesive dentistry.

[17]  W. Awliya,et al.  Leakage pathway of Class V cavities restored with different flowable resin composite restorations. , 2008, Operative dentistry.

[18]  C. Sissons,et al.  A fluorescence assay to determine the viable biomass of microcosm dental plaque biofilms. , 2007, Journal of microbiological methods.

[19]  S. Imazato,et al.  Bactericidal activity and cytotoxicity of antibacterial monomer MDPB. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[20]  K. Hiyama,et al.  Mechanism of the action of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) against Escherichia coil and morphological changes of the cells. , 2007, Biocontrol science.

[21]  L. Edebo,et al.  Antimicrobial activity of betaine esters, quaternary ammonium amphiphiles which spontaneously hydrolyze into nontoxic components , 1990, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[22]  H. Vial,et al.  Antimalarial activity of compounds interfering with Plasmodium falciparum phospholipid metabolism: comparison between mono- and bisquaternary ammonium salts. , 2000, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[23]  X. Xing,et al.  Antibacterial effects of three experimental quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) monomers on bacteria associated with oral infections. , 2008, Journal of oral science.

[24]  S. Imazato,et al.  In vivo antibacterial effects of dentin primer incorporating MDPB. , 2004, Operative dentistry.

[25]  M. Torii,et al.  Incorporation of Antibacterial Monomer MDPB into Dentin Primer , 1997, Journal of dental research.

[26]  Shigeyuki Ebisu,et al.  An in vivo evaluation of bonding ability of comprehensive antibacterial adhesive system incorporating MDPB. , 2007, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[27]  F. Tay,et al.  Antibacterial activity and bonding characteristics of an adhesive resin containing antibacterial monomer MDPB. , 2003, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[28]  M. Torii,et al.  Antibacterial activity of dentine primer containing MDPB after curing. , 1998, Journal of dentistry.

[29]  S. Abe,et al.  Addition of antibacterial agents to MMA-TBB dentin bonding systems--influence on tensile bond strength and antibacterial effect. , 2000, Dental materials journal.

[30]  S. Imazato,et al.  Inhibitory effects of resin composite containing bactericide-immobilized filler on plaque accumulation. , 2001, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.

[31]  M. Peters,et al.  In vitro antibacterial effects of the dentin primer of Clearfil Protect Bond. , 2006, Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials.