Factors affecting visual inspection accuracy.

A four-fold classification of factors which might influence the extent of inspector accuracy is provided. It is emphasized that the influence of these factors has been mainly evaluated in the context of laboratory tasks which simulate real inspection tasks to a varying degree. For each of the four classes of factors one has been selected to illustrate its contribution to reducing inspector error. These are the inspector's visual acuity, the work-place lighting conditions, the time available for inspection and the provision of feedback or knowledge of results to the inspector. There is now sufficient evidence to confirm the advantages that can follow from careful consideration being given to these factors when designing or modifying industrial inspection tasks.

[1]  I. R. Andrews,et al.  Effect of price information on product quality ratings. , 1971 .

[2]  W. E. Powe,et al.  Performance decrement at an audiovisual checking task , 1959 .

[3]  H. W. Bodmann,et al.  Quality of Interior Lighting Based on Luminance , 1967 .

[4]  Leo A. Smith,et al.  An Elementary Model of Human Performance on Paced Visual Inspection Tasks , 1970 .

[5]  D. Harris,et al.  Effect of equipment complexity on inspection performance. , 1966, The Journal of applied psychology.

[6]  C. G. Drury,et al.  An Industrial Study of the Effects of Feedback and Fault Density on Inspection Performance , 1973 .

[7]  D A Ferguson,et al.  Vision at work visual defect and the visual demand of tasks. , 1974, Applied ergonomics.

[8]  E. C. Poulton,et al.  Arousing Stresses Increase Vigilance , 1977 .

[9]  William Wooten Calhoun.  An investigation of some factors affecting the hand quality picking of small objects , 1955 .

[10]  W. P. Colqtjhoun.  THE EFFECT OF A SHORT REST-PAUSE ON INSPECTION EFFICIENCY , 1959 .

[11]  A D Lovie,et al.  The effect of a horizontally structured field and target brightness on visual search and detection times. , 1968, Ergonomics.

[12]  R. H. Simons,et al.  Hue discrimination and light sources , 1977 .

[13]  L G WILLIAMS,et al.  The Effect of Rate and Direction of Display Movement upon Visual Search , 1963, Human factors.

[14]  Douglas H. Harris,et al.  Human factors in quality assurance , 1969 .

[15]  John B. Lynch,et al.  The Measurement of Visual Acuity. , 1933 .

[16]  J D Gould,et al.  Studies of Visual Inspection. , 1973, Ergonomics.

[17]  F. B. Chaney,et al.  Improving inspector performance through training and visual aids. , 1967, The Journal of applied psychology.

[18]  A. Baddeley,et al.  Influence of signal probability during pretraining on vigilance decrement. , 1967, Journal of experimental psychology.

[19]  H L Kundel,et al.  The electro-optical processing of radiographic images. , 1969, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[20]  E L Wiener.  Transfer of training from one monitoring task to another. , 1967, Ergonomics.

[21]  E. D. Megaw,et al.  Fault mix and inspection performance , 1979 .

[22]  Lusted Lb,et al.  Perception of the roentgen image: applications of signal detectability theory. , 1969 .

[23]  D M Johnston,et al.  Search Performance as a Function of Peripheral Acuity , 1965, Human factors.

[24]  T W Faulkner,et al.  Lighting for Difficult Visual Tasks , 1973, Human factors.

[25]  L. F. Thomas.  PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL INSPECTORS , 1962 .

[26]  Jennifer Birch.  (2) Colour defects and their investigation , 1975 .

[27]  Ronald A. Eriuckson.  Relation between Visual Search Time and Peripheral Visual Acuity , 1964 .

[28]  J. G. Fox,et al.  Background music and industrial efficiency-a review. , 1971, Applied ergonomics.

[29]  Norman W. Heimstra,et al.  Pacing, Product Complexity, and Task Perception in Simulated Inspection1 , 1975 .

[30]  W H TEICHNER,et al.  Effects of shape and degree of structure of the visual field on target detection and location. , 1962, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[31]  Ernest J. McCormick,et al.  An Analysis of Visual Requirements in Industry , 1950 .

[32]  H. A. Witkin.  Individual differences in ease of perception of embedded figures. , 1950, Journal of personality.

[33]  C G Drury.  The effect of speed of working on industrial inspection accuracy. , 1973, Applied ergonomics.

[34]  H. E. Bellchambers,et al.  Lighting for Inspection , 1962 .

[35]  R C Browne,et al.  A study of the performance of industrial inspectors under two kinds of lighting. , 1968, Ergonomics.

[36]  A. Burg,et al.  Dynamic visual acuity as related to age, sex, and static acuity. , 1961 .

[37]  M. Deaton,et al.  The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Signal Detection Parameters , 1971, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[38]  G. H. Jameeson.  Inspection in the Telecommunications Industry: A Field Study of Age arid Other Performance Variables , 1966 .

[39]  C G Drury,et al.  Inspection of Sheet Materials — Model and Data , 1975, Human factors.

[40]  James W. Barany,et al.  A Dynamic Visual Recognition Test for Paced Inspection Tasks , 1969 .

[41]  Theodorus Leonardus Stok.  The worker and quality control , 1965 .

[42]  Judith S. Lion,et al.  The Influence of the Visual Arrangement of Material, and of Working Singly or in Pairs, upon Performance at Simulated Industrial Inspection , 1975 .

[43]  Ralph W. Plummer,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Experienced Headlamp Inspectors , 1975 .

[44]  Gavan Lintern.  Field Independence, Intelligence, and Target Detection1 , 1976 .

[45]  Timothy H. Monk,et al.  The Effect of Local Target Surround and Whole Background Constraint on Visual Search Times , 1975, Human factors.

[46]  K S Teel,et al.  Assembly and Inspection of Microelectronic Systems , 1968, Human factors.

[47]  Christine M. Haslegrave,et al.  Industrial Inspection Efficiency and the Probability of a Defect Occurring , 1969 .

[48]  C G Drury,et al.  The analysis of industrial inspection. , 1971, Applied ergonomics.

[49]  Charles P. Greening,et al.  Mathematical Modeling of Air-to-Ground Target Acquisition , 1976 .