The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor

As the income gap between high- and low-income families has widened, has the achievement gap between children in high- and low-income families also widened? The answer, in brief, is yes.

[1]  F. Furstenberg,et al.  Investing in Children: Changes in Parental Spending on Children, 1972–2007 , 2013, Demography.

[2]  H. Schwartz,et al.  Housing Policy Is School Policy: Economically Integrative Housing Promotes Academic Success in Montgomery County, MD. , 2011 .

[3]  Sean F. Reardon,et al.  Income Inequality and Income Segregation1 , 2011, American Journal of Sociology.

[4]  Maryellen Schaub Parenting for Cognitive Development from 1950 to 2000 , 2010 .

[5]  Victor Lavy,et al.  The Good, the Bad and the Average: Evidence on the Scale and Nature of Ability Peer Effects in Schools , 2009 .

[6]  Sean F. Reardon,et al.  The Hispanic-White Achievement Gap in Math and Reading in the Elementary Grades , 2009 .

[7]  S. Jenkins,et al.  Recent Trends in Top Income Shares in the USA: Reconciling Estimates from March CPS and IRS Tax Return Data , 2009, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[8]  Valerie A. Ramey,et al.  The Rug Rat Race , 2009 .

[9]  Tara Watson Inequality and the Measurement of Residential Segregation by Income in American Neighborhoods , 2009 .

[10]  Catherine Gewertz High School and beyond. , 2009 .

[11]  Jonathan Guryan,et al.  Parental Education and Parental Time with Children , 2008 .

[12]  Douglas Currivan,et al.  Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002) Base-Year to Second: Follow-up Data File Documentation. NCES 2008-347. , 2007 .

[13]  C. Murray The Magnitude and Components of Change in the Black-White IQ Difference from 1920 to 1991: A Birth Cohort Analysis of the Woodcock-Johnson Standardizations. , 2007 .

[14]  Xavier Dumay,et al.  Inequalities in school systems: effect of school structure or of society structure? , 2006 .

[15]  G. Marks Cross-National Differences and Accounting for Social Class Inequalities in Education , 2005 .

[16]  James E. Rogers,et al.  Education Longitudinal Study of 2002: Base-Year to First Follow-Up Data File Documentation. NCES 2006-344. , 2005 .

[17]  Marcia k. Meyers,et al.  Who Gets an Early Education? Family Income and the Enrollment of Three- to Five-Year-Olds from 1968 to 2000 , 2005 .

[18]  M. Duru-Bellat,et al.  Organisation and Context, Efficiency and Equity of Educational Systems: What PISA Tells Us , 2005 .

[19]  F. Nielsen,et al.  Income Inequality in the United States , 2005 .

[20]  Robert D. Mare,et al.  Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003 , 2005, Demography.

[21]  D. Neal,et al.  Why Has Black-White Skill Convergence Stopped? , 2005 .

[22]  Steven D. Levitt,et al.  The Black-White Test Score Gap Through Third Grade , 2005 .

[23]  Sara McLanahan Diverging destinies: How children are faring under the second demographic transition , 2004, Demography.

[24]  George Farkas,et al.  The Black-White Test Score Gap , 2004 .

[25]  R. Bertollini,et al.  Investing in children , 2004, The Lancet.

[26]  Annette Lareau Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life , 2003 .

[27]  Emmanuel Saez,et al.  Income inequality in the United States , 2003 .

[28]  Steven D. Levitt,et al.  Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School , 2002, Review of Economics and Statistics.

[29]  Josh Kagan Empowerment and Education: Civil Rights, Expert-Advocates, and Parent Politics in Head Start, 1964–1980 , 2002, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education.

[30]  H. Cordero‐guzmán,et al.  Cognitive skills, test scores, and social stratification: The role of family and school-level resources on racial/ethnic differences in scores on standardized tests (AFQT) , 2001 .

[31]  S. Bianchi Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? , 2000, Demography.

[32]  Paul A. Jargowsky,et al.  Take the money and run: economic segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas. , 1996 .

[33]  F. Nielsen,et al.  The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. , 1995 .

[34]  D. Rock Psychometric Report for the NELS:88 Base Year through Second Follow-Up. National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Statistical Analysis Report. , 1995 .

[35]  M. Katz Improving Poor People: The Welfare State, the "underclass," and Urban Schools as History , 1995 .

[36]  G. Duncan,et al.  Economic deprivation and early childhood development. , 1994, Child development.

[37]  P. Rossi : Head Start: The Inside Story of America's Most Successful Educational Experiment , 1993 .

[38]  Maralee Mayberry Home Advantage: Social Class and Parental Intervention in Elementary Education.Annette Lareau , 1991 .

[39]  Michael B. Katz,et al.  The Undeserving Poor: From the War on Poverty to the War on Welfare , 1990 .

[40]  J. Wrigley Do Young Children Need Intellectual Stimulation? Experts' Advice to Parents, 1900–1985 , 1989, History of Education Quarterly.

[41]  J. Polich,et al.  Response Bias and Reliability in Sensitive Topic Surveys , 1986 .

[42]  D. Rock Psychometric Analysis of the NLS and the High School and Beyond Test Batteries. A Study of Excellence in High School Education: Educational Policies, School Quality, and Student Outcomes. Contractor Report. , 1985 .

[43]  William B. Fetters Quality of Responses of High School Students to Questionnaire Items. High School and Beyond: A National Longitudinal Study for the 1980's. , 1984 .

[44]  Henry M. Levin,et al.  A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform , 1984 .

[45]  Peter J. Denning A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform , 1983, The Elementary School Journal.

[46]  Mark Blaug,et al.  Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life , 1976 .

[47]  Alexander M. Mood,et al.  Equality of Educational Opportunity. , 1967 .

[48]  Ann Owens,et al.  How has Rising Economic Inequality Affected Children's Educational Outcomes? , 2010 .

[49]  Coleman Report Equality of Educational Opportunity: The , 2010 .

[50]  Katherine A. Magnuson,et al.  Steady Gains and Stalled Progress: Inequality and the Black-White Test Score Gap , 2008 .

[51]  Kathleen J. Mullen,et al.  The Effect of Schooling and Ability on Achievement Test Scores , 2004 .

[52]  Emmanuel Saez,et al.  Income inequality in the United States , 2003 .

[53]  R. Hauser,et al.  Convergent Trends in Black-White Verbal Test-Score Differentials in the U.S.: Period and Cohort Perspectives ∗ , 2001 .

[54]  Nicholas Lemann,et al.  The Big Test: The Secret History of the American Meritocracy , 1999 .

[55]  Larry V. Hedges,et al.  Changes in the black-white gap in achievement test scores , 1999 .

[56]  A. Huston Effects of poverty on children. , 1999 .

[57]  C. McGuire,et al.  Office of Educational Research and Improvement , 1999 .

[58]  Larry V. Hedges,et al.  Black–White test score convergence since 1965. , 1998 .

[59]  Greg J. Duncan,et al.  Family background, parenting practices, and the Black–White test score gap. , 1998 .

[60]  David W. Grissmer,et al.  Why did the Black–White score gap narrow in the 1970s and 1980s? , 1998 .

[61]  R. Herrnstein,et al.  The Bell Curve Debate: History, Documents, Opinions , 1995 .

[62]  R. Murnane,et al.  U.S. Earnings Levels and Earnings Inequality: A Review of Recent Trends and Proposed Explanations , 1992 .

[63]  Annette Lareau,et al.  Home Advantage: Social Class and Parental Intervention in Elementary Education. , 1991 .

[64]  H. Gintis,et al.  Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of , 1976 .

[65]  Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 16, Number 3—Summer 2002—Pages 3–30 The Inheritance of Inequality , 2022 .

[66]  D. C. Washington,et al.  Bureau of Labor Statistics , 2022 .