Locating the Internet in the Parks of Havana

Since March 2015, the public squares of Havana have been transformed from places where people stroll and children play to places where crowds gather to try to connect to the internet at all hours of the day and night. We present a field investigation of public WiFi hotspots in Havana, Cuba, and examine the possibilities of internet access these limited and expensive hotspots present to individuals, many of who are experiencing the internet for the first time. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in 2015-2016, we underscore the reconfigurations that have resulted from this access, as evolving internet users reconfigure their interactions with place, time, and individuals in their efforts to locate the internet. We also discuss the implications our findings have for the design of internet access interventions in Cuba and in other low-resource environments across the world, as well as the broader implications for social computing across diverse geographies.

[1]  Amy Bruckman,et al.  Understanding Copyright Law in Online Creative Communities , 2015, CSCW.

[2]  Nithya Sambasivan,et al.  Chale, how much it cost to browse?: results from a mobile data price transparency trial in Ghana , 2013, ICTD.

[3]  Danny Miller,et al.  The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach , 2000 .

[4]  Tony Salvador,et al.  Less Cyber, More Café , 2003 .

[5]  E. Biddle Rationing the Digital: The Politics and Policy of Internet Use in Cuba Today , 2013 .

[6]  V. Braun,et al.  Using thematic analysis in psychology , 2006 .

[7]  R. Gómez,et al.  Comparing Approaches: Telecentre Evaluation Experiences in Asia and Latin America , 2001, Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries..

[8]  John Etherton,et al.  MOSES: exploring new ground in media and post-conflict reconciliation , 2010, CHI.

[9]  Karen Barad Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter , 2003, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.

[10]  Edward D. Lazowska,et al.  Designing an Architecture for Delivering Mobile Information Services to the Rural Developing World , 2006, Seventh IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications (WMCSA'06 Supplement).

[11]  Andrea Forte,et al.  "Facebook is a luxury": an exploratory study of social media use in rural Kenya , 2013, CSCW.

[12]  Larry S. Daley The Past, Present and Future of the Internet in Cuba , 2011 .

[13]  Nithya Sambasivan,et al.  "We call it Hi-Fi": Exposing Indian Households to High Speed Broadband Wireless Internet , 2016, ICTD.

[14]  Jonathan Donner,et al.  Your Phone Has Internet - Why Are You at a Library PC? Re-imagining Public Access in the Mobile Internet Era , 2013, INTERACT.

[15]  Alvaro E. Urrutia,et al.  Less cyber, more café: Enhancing existing small businesses across the digital divide with ICTs , 2005 .

[16]  Amy Bruckman,et al.  Early Adopters of the Internet and Social Media in Cuba , 2016, CSCW.

[17]  Kentaro Toyama,et al.  Intermediated technology use in developing communities , 2010, CHI.

[18]  Nimmi Rangaswamy,et al.  Telecenters and Internet cafés: the case of ICTs in small businesses , 2008 .

[19]  William W. Gaver The affordances of media spaces for collaboration , 1992, CSCW '92.

[20]  Neha Kumar,et al.  Facebook for self-empowerment? A study of Facebook adoption in urban India , 2014, New Media Soc..

[21]  David Nemer,et al.  Online Favela: The Use of Social Media by the Marginalized in Brazil , 2016, Inf. Technol. Dev..

[22]  Matt Welsh,et al.  Flywheel: Google's Data Compression Proxy for the Mobile Web , 2015, NSDI.

[23]  Nclr The Hispanic Population , 2003 .

[24]  Eric Baumer,et al.  Imagined Facebook: An exploratory study of non-users’ perceptions of social media in Rural Zambia , 2017, New Media Soc..

[25]  Gary Marsden,et al.  After access: challenges facing mobile-only internet users in the developing world , 2010, CHI.

[26]  Rajendra T. Kumar,et al.  Sustainability failures of rural telecenters: Challenges from the sustainable access in rural india (sari) project , 2008 .

[27]  michel US secretly created 'Cuban Twitter' to stir unrest - e-traces , 2014 .

[28]  J. Burrell Invisible Users: Youth in the Internet Cafés of Urban Ghana , 2012 .

[29]  Nithya Sambasivan,et al.  Imagined Connectivities: Synthesized Conceptions of Public Wi-Fi in Urban India , 2017, CHI.

[30]  Larry Press,et al.  A Framework for Assessing the Global Diffusion of the Internet , 2001, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[31]  Neeti Gupta,et al.  Community and social interaction in the wireless city: wi-fi use in public and semi-public spaces , 2008, New Media Soc..

[32]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Re-place-ing space: the roles of place and space in collaborative systems , 1996, CSCW '96.

[33]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Re-space-ing place: "place" and "space" ten years on , 2006, CSCW '06.

[34]  Laura Forlano,et al.  Anytime? Anywhere?: Reframing Debates Around Community and Municipal Wireless Networking , 2008, J. Community Informatics.

[35]  C. Havana Charting a New Course on Cuba , 2015 .

[36]  Marshini Chetty,et al.  A mixed-methods study of mobile users' data usage practices in South Africa , 2015, UbiComp.

[37]  I. Seidman Interviewing as qualitative research : a guide for researchersin education and the social sciences , 1991 .

[38]  Jonathan Donner,et al.  After Access: Inclusion, Development, and a More Mobile Internet , 2015 .

[39]  S. Bailur Using Stakeholder Theory to Analyze Telecenter Projects , 2007 .

[40]  Laura Forlano,et al.  WiFi Geographies: When Code Meets Place , 2009, Inf. Soc..

[41]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Postcolonial computing: a lens on design and development , 2010, CHI.

[42]  Ricardo Gomez,et al.  When You Do Not Have a Computer: Public-Access Computing in Developing Countries , 2014, Inf. Technol. Dev..

[43]  Laura Johnson,et al.  How Many Interviews Are Enough? , 2006 .