Integration of Soft and Hard Classifications Using Extended Support Vector Machines

In this letter, the supervised classification algorithm support vector machines is extended to map both pure pixels and mixed pixels using hyperspectral data. The margins between the hyperplanes formed by the pixels on the class boundaries are recognized as mixed region, and the space beyond this region is related to pure pixels. In this way, each endmember is modeled by a set of training samples instead of a single (representative) spectrum to accommodate the variations within the relative pure pixels due to system noise. Unmixing outputs generate an integrated soft- and hard-classification map. The better performance comparing with conventional spectral unmixing method was demonstrated using hyperspectral data sets.

[1]  Jiang Li,et al.  Correction to "Wavelet-Based Feature Extraction for Improved Endmember Abundance Estimation in Linear Unmixing of Hyperspectral Signals" , 2004 .

[2]  Giles M. Foody,et al.  The use of small training sets containing mixed pixels for accurate hard image classification: Training on mixed spectral responses for classification by a SVM , 2006 .

[3]  D. Roberts,et al.  Green vegetation, nonphotosynthetic vegetation, and soils in AVIRIS data , 1993 .

[4]  Chein-I Chang,et al.  Weighted abundance-constrained linear spectral mixture analysis , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[5]  D. Lobell,et al.  A Biogeophysical Approach for Automated SWIR Unmixing of Soils and Vegetation , 2000 .

[6]  Chein-I Chang,et al.  Fully constrained least squares linear spectral mixture analysis method for material quantification in hyperspectral imagery , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[7]  Gregory Asner,et al.  Endmember bundles: a new approach to incorporating endmember variability into spectral mixture analysis , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[8]  Antonio J. Plaza,et al.  A quantitative and comparative analysis of endmember extraction algorithms from hyperspectral data , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[9]  E. LeDrew,et al.  Remote sensing of aquatic coastal ecosystem processes , 2006 .

[10]  Jeff Settle,et al.  On the effect of variable endmember spectra in the linear mixture model , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[11]  Derek M. Rogge,et al.  Iterative Spectral Unmixing for Optimizing Per-Pixel Endmember Sets , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[12]  Vladimir N. Vapnik,et al.  The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory , 2000, Statistics for Engineering and Information Science.

[13]  Chein-I Chang,et al.  Unsupervised constrained linear Fisher's discriminant analysis for hyperspectral image classification , 2004, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[14]  John F. Mustard,et al.  Spectral unmixing , 2002, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[15]  John A. Richards,et al.  Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis , 1986 .

[16]  Martin Brown,et al.  Linear spectral mixture models and support vector machines for remote sensing , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..