A non-oxygen adsorption mechanism for hydrogen detection of nanostructured SnO2 based sensors

Abstract Several representative SnO2 nanostructures were synthesized hydrothermally, and their H2 gas sensing performances in atmosphere were routinely investigated. We were surprised to find that the H2 gas still induced a sensitive signal in vacuum where there was no or very few medium of adsorbed oxygen for charge transfer. In addition, the gas responses in vacuum were slightly higher than those in atmosphere. Given this, a non-oxygen adsorption model for gas sensing mechanism was proposed to account for this interesting phenomenon, in which H2 gas could react with SnO2 surface directly in the absence of oxygen. The results showed that H2 gas molecule was most likely to have a direct interaction with the O2C atom on SnO2 (1 1 0) surface instead of the adsorbed O and transferred large electrons to SnO2, which would be crucial for future research on enhancing sensing properties of SnO2 based gas sensors.

[1]  Chunsheng Yang,et al.  Highly sensitive and low operating temperature SnO2 gas sensor doped by Cu and Zn two elements , 2017 .

[2]  Jae Kyung Lee,et al.  Ethanol sensing properties and dominant sensing mechanism of NiO-decorated SnO2 nanorod sensors , 2017, Electronic Materials Letters.

[3]  Lingzhang Zhu,et al.  A novel cactus-like WO3-SnO2 nanocomposite and its acetone gas sensing properties , 2018, Materials Letters.

[4]  Hua Wang,et al.  Self‐Assembled Biomolecular 1D Nanostructures for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Battery , 2018, Advanced science.

[5]  Tianmo Liu,et al.  Hydrogen sensing and mechanism of M-doped SnO2 (M = Cr3+, Cu2+ and Pd2+) nanocomposite , 2011 .

[6]  Yajie Zhang,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis and controlled growth of hierarchical 3D flower-like MoS2 nanospheres assisted with CTAB and their NO2 gas sensing properties , 2018, Applied Surface Science.

[7]  Chia-Min Lee,et al.  Reducing gas-sensing performance of Ce-doped SnO2 thin films through a cosputtering method , 2017 .

[8]  Wen Zeng,et al.  New insight into the gas sensing performance of SnO2 Nanorod-assembled urchins based on their assembly density , 2017 .

[9]  Lingzhang Zhu,et al.  Volatile organic compound sensing based on coral rock-like ZnO , 2018 .

[10]  G. Kresse,et al.  Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set , 1996 .

[11]  T. Helgaker,et al.  Current Density Functional Theory Using Meta-Generalized Gradient Exchange-Correlation Functionals. , 2015, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[12]  Michael Tiemann,et al.  Porous metal oxides as gas sensors. , 2007, Chemistry.

[13]  R. G. Pavelko,et al.  Influence of oxygen backgrounds on hydrogen sensing with SnO2 nanomaterials , 2011 .

[14]  W. Kohn,et al.  Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects , 1965 .

[15]  Zongxian Yang,et al.  The sensing mechanism of Pt-doped SnO2 surface toward CO: A first-principle study , 2014 .

[16]  Yajie Zhang,et al.  The hydrothermal synthesis of 3D hierarchical porous MoS2 microspheres assembled by nanosheets with excellent gas sensing properties , 2018, Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

[17]  A. Gurlo,et al.  Nanosensors: towards morphological control of gas sensing activity. SnO2, In2O3, ZnO and WO3 case studies. , 2011, Nanoscale.

[18]  Xiaogan Li,et al.  Synthesis and gas sensing properties of porous hierarchical SnO2 by grapefruit exocarp biotemplate , 2016 .

[19]  Tianye Yang,et al.  Facile synthesis cedar-like SnO2 hierarchical micro-nanostructures with improved formaldehyde gas sensing characteristics , 2017 .

[20]  Xinxin Xing,et al.  Formaldehyde detection: SnO2 microspheres for formaldehyde gas sensor with high sensitivity, fast response/recovery and good selectivity , 2017 .

[21]  Lingzhang Zhu,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical flower-like ZnO nanostructure and its enhanced ethanol gas-sensing properties , 2018 .

[22]  B. Mondal,et al.  Ultrafast and Reversible Gas-Sensing Properties of ZnO Nanowire Arrays Grown by Hydrothermal Technique , 2016 .

[23]  Nicolae Barsan,et al.  CO sensing mechanism with WO3 based gas sensors , 2010 .

[24]  Shuang Yang,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of h -MoO 3 microrods and their gas sensing properties to ethanol , 2015 .

[25]  A. Rogach,et al.  Hierarchical SnO2 Nanostructures: Recent Advances in Design, Synthesis, and Applications , 2014 .

[26]  M. Gillan,et al.  The energetics and structure of oxygen vacancies on the SnO2(110) surface , 2000 .

[27]  Yanqiong Li,et al.  Enhanced carbon monoxide sensing properties of TiO2 with exposed (0 0 1) facet: A combined first-principle and experimental study , 2018, Applied Surface Science.

[28]  Q. Zang,et al.  A theoretical study on CO sensing mechanism of In-doped SnO2 (1 1 0) surface , 2015 .

[29]  Qiong Wang,et al.  Synthesis of Ce-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles and their acetone gas sensing properties , 2017 .

[30]  Dongming Sun,et al.  Preparation of Pd nanoparticle-decorated hollow SnO2 nanofibers and their enhanced formaldehyde sensing properties , 2015 .

[31]  Zheng Guo,et al.  Hierarchical Morphology-Dependent Gas-Sensing Performances of Three-Dimensional SnO2 Nanostructures. , 2017, ACS sensors.

[32]  Ralf Riedel,et al.  In situ and operando spectroscopy for assessing mechanisms of gas sensing. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[33]  Zhongchang Wang,et al.  Gas-sensing properties and mechanisms of Cu-doped SnO2 spheres towards H2S , 2016 .

[34]  Jiao Wang,et al.  A review of recent developments in tin dioxide composites for gas sensing application , 2016 .

[35]  Udo Weimar,et al.  Conduction mechanisms in SnO2 based polycrystalline thick film gas sensors exposed to CO and H2 in different oxygen backgrounds , 2011 .

[36]  M. Gillan,et al.  Energetics and structure of stoichiometric SnO2 surfaces studied by first-principles calculations , 2000 .

[37]  M. Navaneethan,et al.  Low temperature ammonia gas sensor based on Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticle decorated microspheres , 2017 .

[38]  I. Mulla,et al.  Synthesis, characterization and enhanced acetone sensing performance of Pd loaded Sm doped SnO2 nanoparticles , 2017 .

[39]  S. Phanichphant,et al.  Semiconducting metal oxides as sensors for environmentally hazardous gases , 2011 .

[40]  Z. Wen,et al.  Hydrogen sensing properties of low-index surfaces of SnO2 from first-principles , 2010 .

[41]  S. Hussain,et al.  UV-enhanced hydrogen sensor based on nanocone-assembled 3D SnO2 at low temperature , 2015 .

[42]  S. Ruan,et al.  Synergistically improved formaldehyde gas sensing properties of SnO2 microspheres by indium and palladium co-doping , 2015 .

[43]  Adisorn Tuantranont,et al.  Effects of cobalt doping on nitric oxide, acetone and ethanol sensing performances of FSP-made SnO2 nanoparticles , 2015 .

[44]  Xianghe Peng,et al.  Gas sensing mechanism of SnO2–F (1 1 0) oriented surface from first principles , 2013 .

[45]  Yanqiong Li,et al.  Theoretical and experimental investigations on H2 sensing properties of flower-like titanium dioxide , 2018, Materials Research Bulletin.

[46]  S. Phanichphant,et al.  Rapid ethanol sensor based on electrolytically-exfoliated graphene-loaded flame-made In-doped SnO2 composite film , 2015 .

[47]  Kengo Shimanoe,et al.  Theoretical approach to the gas response of oxide semiconductor film devices under control of gas diffusion and reaction effects , 2011 .

[48]  Adisorn Tuantranont,et al.  Ultra-sensitive and highly selective H2 sensors based on FSP-made Rh-substituted SnO2 sensing films , 2017 .