Profile of renal biopsies in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Renal biopsy is an invaluable method used in evaluation of patient with renal disease. Light microscopy and immunofluorescence findings make it possible to establish accurate diagnosis, get information on evaluation and prognosis of disease process and develop approach in treatment of renal disorders.We in this study tried to evaluate the profile of renal biopsies received in a year and correlated the findings of routine microscopy to immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Material and method: We retrospectively studied 75 consecutive kidney biopsies received from January 2012 to December 2012 at Pt. BD Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak. H&E and special stained sections were examined and findings were correlated with immunofluorescence staining. Results: The study included 75 cases. Male : female1.3:1 ranging from age group 1576 years with maximum number of cases belonging to second to third decade. The cases were categorized into 5 groups: [1]. Primary Glomerulonephritis61.3% (46/75). [2]. Secondary Glomerulonephritis16% (12/75). [3]. Vascular and tubulointerstitial disease1.3% (1/75). [4]. End stage renal disease-4% (3/75). [5]. Inadequate-17.4% (13/75). The largest group comprises of primary glomerulonephritis with membranous glomerulonephritis being the most common (32.6% 15/46). This was followed by secondary glomerulonephritis group with lupus nephritis (58.4% 7/12) being the most common cause. Conclusion: Renal biopsy and IF appears to be an important tool for diagnosing glomerular diseases. Immunofluorescence helped in making diagnosis where light microscopy findings were equivocal and it also helps in understanding immunological mechanisms involved in various renal lesions. Hence it is less time consuming and effective method in diagnosing glomerular diseases on renal biopsies.