Saddle point characterization and multiplicity of periodic solutions of non-autonomous second-order systems

Abstract In the present paper, the non-autonomous second-order systems (1.1) u (t)= ∇ F(t,u(t)), a.e. t∈[0,T], u(0)−u(T)= u (0)− u (T)=0, and (1.2λ) u (t)=β(t)u(t)+λ ∇ F(t,u(t)), a.e. t∈[0,T], u(0)−u(T)= u (0)− u (T)=0, are studied and a existence result of periodic solutions with saddle point character and two new multiplicity results are obtained.