Two-Level Design Problem (Mathematical Programming with Optimal-Value Functions)

This chapter is concerned with a two-level design problem [S23, T1, I4] in which the central system makes a decision on parameter values to be assigned to the subsystems so as to optimize its objective, taking the values of the subsystem performance into account. In the second stage, the subsystems optimize their individual objective functions under the given parameters from the center. Such a problem is mathematically formulated as an optimization problem whose objective and constraint functions include the optimal-value functions obtained from the optimization of the subsystem performance indices.