Nanoporous gold supported cobalt oxide microelectrodes as high-performance electrochemical biosensors

Tremendous demands for electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and reliability, fast response and excellent selectivity have stimulated intensive research on developing versatile materials with ultrahigh electrocatalytic activity. Here we report flexible and self-supported microelectrodes with a seamless solid/nanoporous gold/cobalt oxide hybrid structure for electrochemical nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. As a result of synergistic electrocatalytic activity of the gold skeleton and cobalt oxide nanoparticles towards glucose oxidation, amperometric glucose biosensors based on the hybrid microelectrodes exhibit multi-linear detection ranges with ultrahigh sensitivities at a low potential of 0.26 V (versus Ag/AgCl). The sensitivity up to 12.5 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² with a short response time of less than 1 s gives rise to ultralow detection limit of 5 nM. The outstanding performance originates from a novel nanoarchitecture in which the cobalt oxide nanoparticles are incorporated into pore channels of the seamless solid/nanoporous Au microwires, providing excellent electronic/ionic conductivity and mass transport for the enhanced electrocatalysis.

[1]  A. Karma,et al.  Evolution of nanoporosity in dealloying , 2001, Nature.

[2]  S. A. Ghani,et al.  MWCNT-ruthenium oxide composite paste electrode as non-enzymatic glucose sensor , 2012 .

[3]  Shaojun Dong,et al.  Platinum nanoparticle ensemble-on-graphene hybrid nanosheet: one-pot, rapid synthesis, and used as new electrode material for electrochemical sensing. , 2010, ACS nano.

[4]  X. Lou,et al.  Hierarchically structured one-dimensional TiO2 for protein immobilization, direct electrochemistry, and mediator-free glucose sensing. , 2011, ACS nano.

[5]  P. Solanki,et al.  Nanostructured metal oxide-based biosensors , 2011 .

[6]  Isao Taniguchi,et al.  Effect of metal ad-layers on Au(111) electrodes on electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in an alkaline solution , 2004 .

[7]  Dongyan Xu,et al.  Study of the Redox Properties of Noble Metal/Co3O4 by Electrical Conductivity Measurements , 2008 .

[8]  Yi Lu,et al.  Using personal glucose meters and functional DNA sensors to quantify a variety of analytical targets. , 2011, Nature chemistry.

[9]  W. Heineman,et al.  Laboratory techniques in electroanalytical chemistry , 1984 .

[10]  Akihiko Hirata,et al.  Nanoporous metal/oxide hybrid electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[11]  Yaping Ding,et al.  Fabrication of Co3O4 nanoparticles-decorated graphene composite for determination of L-tryptophan. , 2012, The Analyst.

[12]  P. Atanassov,et al.  New materials for biological fuel cells , 2012 .

[13]  R. Frost,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt Hydroxide, Cobalt Oxyhydroxide, and Cobalt Oxide Nanodiscs , 2010 .

[14]  R. Nolte,et al.  Conducting polymers with confined dimensions: Track-etch membranes for amperometric biosensor applications , 2002 .

[15]  Bonsang Gu,et al.  A dielectric-modulated field-effect transistor for biosensing. , 2007, Nature nanotechnology.

[16]  D. M. Porterfield,et al.  Electrochemical biosensor of nanocube-augmented carbon nanotube networks. , 2009, ACS nano.

[17]  François Léonard,et al.  Electrical contacts to one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[18]  F. Braet,et al.  Carbon Nanomaterials in Biosensors: Should You Use Nanotubes or Graphene? , 2010 .

[19]  Wei‐De Zhang,et al.  Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on MnO2/MWNTs nanocomposite , 2008 .

[20]  P. Ajayan,et al.  3D nanoporous nanowire current collectors for thin film microbatteries. , 2012, Nano letters.

[21]  Jue Lu,et al.  Nanometal-decorated exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet based glucose biosensors with high sensitivity and fast response. , 2008, ACS nano.

[22]  S. Maekawa,et al.  Unusually small electrical resistance of three-dimensional nanoporous gold in external magnetic fields. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[23]  Richard G. Compton,et al.  Electrochemical Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensors: A Perspective and an Evaluation , 2010, International Journal of Electrochemical Science.

[24]  Richard G Compton,et al.  Iron oxide particles are the active sites for hydrogen peroxide sensing at multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrodes. , 2006, Nano letters.

[25]  A. Turner,et al.  Glucose oxidase: an ideal enzyme , 1992 .

[26]  Qian Wang,et al.  An investigation of the mechanisms of electronic sensing of protein adsorption on carbon nanotube devices. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[27]  A. Bell,et al.  Enhanced activity of gold-supported cobalt oxide for the electrochemical evolution of oxygen. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[28]  Joseph Wang.  Electrochemical glucose biosensors. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[29]  Aicheng Chen,et al.  Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on nanoporous PtPb networks. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[30]  M. Chan-Park,et al.  3D graphene-cobalt oxide electrode for high-performance supercapacitor and enzymeless glucose detection. , 2012, ACS nano.

[31]  Arava Leela Mohana Reddy,et al.  Coaxial MnO2/carbon nanotube array electrodes for high-performance lithium batteries. , 2009, Nano letters.

[32]  D. Cliffel,et al.  Electrochemical sensors and biosensors. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[33]  Yu Ding,et al.  A novel NiO-Au hybrid nanobelts based sensor for sensitive and selective glucose detection. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[34]  Yu Lei,et al.  Electrospun Co3O4 nanofibers for sensitive and selective glucose detection. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[35]  K. Besteman,et al.  Enzyme-Coated Carbon Nanotubes as Single-Molecule Biosensors , 2003 .

[36]  Luyang Chen,et al.  A Three‐Dimensional Gold‐Decorated Nanoporous Copper Core–Shell Composite for Electrocatalysis and Nonenzymatic Biosensing , 2010 .

[37]  Susana Campuzano,et al.  Nanobioelectroanalysis Based on Carbon/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoarchitectures , 2011 .

[38]  Niina J. Ronkainen,et al.  Electrochemical biosensors. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[39]  Nobuo Tanaka,et al.  Atomic origins of the high catalytic activity of nanoporous gold. , 2012, Nature materials.

[40]  O. Petrii,et al.  Real surface area measurements in electrochemistry , 1991 .

[41]  Falong Jia,et al.  Direct Oxidation of Methanol on Self-Supported Nanoporous Gold Film Electrodes with High Catalytic Activity and Stability , 2007 .

[42]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Biomolecule-based nanomaterials and nanostructures. , 2010, Nano letters.