Conjoined Twins in a Spontaneous Monochorionic Triplet Pregnancy

To the Editor: Monochorionic triplet pregnancies are very rare, accounting for 3.5–4.0% of all triplet gestations and occurring in 0.001–0.004% of all deliveries.[1] They are associated with higher risks of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Conjoined twins are a unique and rare complication of monochorionic pregnancies and occur when two identical individuals are fused through parts of their anatomy; this rare event occurs with an incidence of one in 100,000–200,000 live births.[2] Although the presence of conjoined twins in a monochorionic triplet is exceptionally rare, it poses great challenges regarding both obstetric counseling and management.

[1]  F. Mariona,et al.  Early unexpected diagnosis of fetal life-limiting malformation; antenatal palliative care and parental decision , 2019, The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.

[2]  I. Kutlar,et al.  Conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy , 2017, Saudi medical journal.

[3]  B. Teimoori,et al.  Conjoined twins in a monochorionic triplet pregnancy after in vitro fertilization: a case report , 2015, Iranian journal of reproductive medicine.

[4]  J. Sikora,et al.  Live birth of monochorionic triamniotic triplets after in vitro fertilization and blastocyst transfer: case report and review of the literature. , 2014, Ginekologia polska.

[5]  T. Rebai,et al.  Xipho-Omphalopagus Conjoined Twins in a Spontaneous Triplet Pregnancy: Autopsy Findings , 2013, APSP journal of case reports.

[6]  N. Suzumori,et al.  First trimester diagnosis of conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy. , 2006, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

[7]  E. Jauniaux,et al.  First‐trimester diagnosis of conjoined twins , 2005, Prenatal diagnosis.

[8]  H. Muñoz,et al.  Conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy: early prenatal diagnosis with three‐dimensional ultrasound and review of the literature , 2003, Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

[9]  D. Seidman,et al.  Sequential genetic events leading to conjoined twins in a monozygotic triplet pregnancy. , 1995, Human Reproduction.

[10]  G. Vujanić,et al.  Epidemic of conjoined twins in Cardiff , 1993, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.