Fungal lectins: structure, function and potential applications.

Lectins are a widespread class of proteins implicated in many essential cellular and molecular recognition processes. They recognize carbohydrates in a non-catalytic, specific and reversible manner. Fungi, which include mushrooms, microfungi and yeasts, have attracted wide interest in recent years. They are indeed a promising source for novel lectins with unique specificity and potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Information on fungal lectins, particularly structural insight, is scarce compared to that on their plant and animal counterparts. This review therefore focuses on the structure, function, and exploitable properties of fungal lectins.

[1]  Mary Ann Comunale,et al.  Development of recombinant Aleuria aurantia lectins with altered binding specificities to fucosylated glycans. , 2011, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[2]  M. Perduca,et al.  BEL β-trefoil: a novel lectin with antineoplastic properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms. , 2013, Glycobiology.

[3]  David F. Smith,et al.  Bivalent Carbohydrate Binding Is Required for Biological Activity of Clitocybe nebularis Lectin (CNL), the N,N′-Diacetyllactosediamine (GalNAcβ1–4GlcNAc, LacdiNAc)-specific Lectin from Basidiomycete C. nebularis* , 2012, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[4]  Dacheng Wang,et al.  Structural insights into the recognition mechanism between an antitumor galectin AAL and the Thomsen‐Friedenreich antigen , 2010, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[5]  J. Guillot,et al.  Lectins in higher fungi , 1997 .

[6]  S. Rupp,et al.  Structural basis for promiscuity and specificity during Candida glabrata invasion of host epithelia , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[7]  Anne Imberty,et al.  Crystal Structure of Fungal Lectin , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[8]  I. Goldstein,et al.  Marasmius oreades agglutinin (MOA) is a chimerolectin with proteolytic activity. , 2011, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[9]  W. Nierman,et al.  Structural analysis of the Rhizoctonia solani agglutinin reveals a domain‐swapping dimeric assembly , 2013, The FEBS journal.

[10]  A. Gronenborn,et al.  Structure-function analysis of a CVNH-LysM lectin expressed during plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. , 2011, Structure.

[11]  Janko Kos,et al.  Purification, characterization and cloning of a ricin B-like lectin from mushroom Clitocybe nebularis with antiproliferative activity against human leukemic T cells. , 2009, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[12]  I. Goldstein,et al.  Immobilized Marasmius oreades agglutinin: use for binding and isolation of glycoproteins containing the xenotransplantation or human type B epitopes. , 2003, Glycobiology.

[13]  A. Imberty,et al.  Microbial recognition of human cell surface glycoconjugates. , 2008, Current opinion in structural biology.

[14]  J. Bao,et al.  Agaricus bisporus lectins mediates islet β-cell proliferation through regulation of cell cycle proteins , 2012, Experimental biology and medicine.

[15]  Ranjeeta Bhari,et al.  Mushroom lectins: Current status and future perspectives , 2010, Critical reviews in biotechnology.

[16]  D. Spiller,et al.  Edible Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Lectin, Which Reversibly Inhibits Epithelial Cell Proliferation, Blocks Nuclear Localization Sequence-dependent Nuclear Protein Import* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[17]  Sibylle C Vonesch,et al.  Nematotoxicity of Marasmius oreades Agglutinin (MOA) Depends on Glycolipid Binding and Cysteine Protease Activity* , 2011, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[18]  M. Perduca,et al.  The Antineoplastic Lectin of the Common Edible Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Has Two Binding Sites, Each Specific for a Different Configuration at a Single Epimeric Hydroxyl* , 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[19]  J. Dixon,et al.  Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of the Galα1,3Gal High Affinity Lectin from the Mushroom Marasmius oreades * , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[20]  David F. Smith,et al.  Glycan microarray analysis of Candida glabrata adhesin ligand specificity , 2008, Molecular microbiology.

[21]  M. Vicente-Manzanares,et al.  Fungal lectin of Peltigera canina induces chemotropism of compatible Nostoc cells by constriction-relaxation pulses of cyanobiont cytoskeleton , 2011, Plant signaling & behavior.

[22]  P. Normand,et al.  Lectin genes in the Frankia alni genome , 2011, Archives of Microbiology.

[23]  A. Kuno,et al.  Lectin Microarrays: Concept, Principle and Applications , 2013 .

[24]  P. Koehl,et al.  A new lectin family with structure similarity to actinoporins revealed by the crystal structure of Xerocomus chrysenteron lectin XCL. , 2004, Journal of molecular biology.

[25]  P. Shastry,et al.  The TF-antigen binding lectin from Sclerotium rolfsii inhibits growth of human colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. , 2012, Glycobiology.

[26]  M. Künzler,et al.  Structural basis for chitotetraose coordination by CGL3, a novel galectin-related protein from Coprinopsis cinerea. , 2008, Journal of molecular biology.

[27]  Hiroaki Tateno,et al.  Structural characterization of a lectin from the mushroom Marasmius oreades in complex with the blood group B trisaccharide and calcium. , 2009, Journal of molecular biology.

[28]  I. Goldstein,et al.  High-resolution structural insights on the sugar-recognition and fusion tag properties of a versatile β-trefoil lectin domain from the mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus. , 2011, Glycobiology.

[29]  Stefan Brückner,et al.  Structural basis of flocculin-mediated social behavior in yeast , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[30]  J. Rosa,et al.  Paracoccin, a GlcNAc-binding lectin from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, binds to laminin and induces TNF-alpha production by macrophages. , 2006, Microbes and infection.

[31]  M. Perduca,et al.  Structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms. , 2011, Glycobiology.

[32]  A. Lundblad,et al.  Analysis of agalacto-IgG in rheumatoid arthritis using surface plasmon resonance , 2000, Glycoconjugate Journal.

[33]  K. Decanniere,et al.  The epithelial adhesin 1 (Epa1p) from the human-pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata: structural and functional study of the carbohydrate-binding domain. , 2012, Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography.

[34]  S. Zographos,et al.  Structural basis for the carbohydrate recognition of the Sclerotium rolfsii lectin. , 2007, Journal of molecular biology.

[35]  Shuai Jiang,et al.  A novel lectin from Agrocybe aegerita shows high binding selectivity for terminal N-acetylglucosamine , 2012, The Biochemical journal.

[36]  N. Kochibe,et al.  Cloning and expression of a functional fucose‐specific lectin from an orange peel mushroom, Aleuria aurantia , 1989, FEBS letters.

[37]  J. Hirabayashi,et al.  Engineering of the glycan-binding specificity of Agrocybe cylindracea galectin towards α(2,3)-linked sialic acid by saturation mutagenesis. , 2011, Journal of biochemistry.

[38]  I. Goldstein,et al.  The mushroom Marasmius oreades lectin is a blood group type B agglutinin that recognizes the Galalpha 1,3Gal and Galalpha 1,3Galbeta 1,4GlcNAc porcine xenotransplantation epitopes with high affinity. , 2002, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[39]  I. Goldstein,et al.  Application of a lectin from the mushroom Polysporus squamosus for the histochemical detection of the NeuAcα2,6Galβ1,4Glc/GlcNAc sequence of N-linked oligosaccharides: a comparison with the Sambucus nigra lectin , 2001, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

[40]  Ranjeeta Bhari,et al.  Characteristics of yeast lectins and their role in cell-cell interactions. , 2011, Biotechnology advances.

[41]  M. Künzler,et al.  Caenorhabditis elegans N-glycan Core β-galactoside Confers Sensitivity towards Nematotoxic Fungal Galectin CGL2 , 2010, PLoS pathogens.

[42]  Anne Imberty,et al.  Beta-propeller crystal structure of Psathyrella velutina lectin: an integrin-like fungal protein interacting with monosaccharides and calcium. , 2006, Journal of molecular biology.

[43]  I. Goldstein,et al.  The Mushroom Marasmius oreades Lectin Is a Blood Group Type B Agglutinin That Recognizes the Galα1,3Gal and Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc Porcine Xenotransplantation Epitopes with High Affinity* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[44]  P. Rougé,et al.  Crystal structure of the GalNAc/Gal-specific agglutinin from the phytopathogenic ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum reveals novel adaptation of a beta-trefoil domain. , 2010, Journal of molecular biology.

[45]  A. Gronenborn,et al.  NMR solution structure of a cyanovirin homolog from wheat head blight fungus , 2011, Proteins.

[46]  G. Vasta.  Galectins as pattern recognition receptors: structure, function, and evolution. , 2012, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[47]  Iain B. H. Wilson,et al.  Plasticity of the β-Trefoil Protein Fold in the Recognition and Control of Invertebrate Predators and Parasites by a Fungal Defence System , 2012, PLoS pathogens.

[48]  I. Goldstein,et al.  Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Novel Hemolytic Lectins from the Mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus, Which Show Homology to Bacterial Toxins* , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[49]  Robert J Woods,et al.  Structure and binding analysis of Polyporus squamosus lectin in complex with the Neu5Ac{alpha}2-6Gal{beta}1-4GlcNAc human-type influenza receptor. , 2011, Glycobiology.

[50]  Y. Rahbé,et al.  Xerocomus chrysenteron lectin: identification of a new pesticidal protein. , 2003, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[51]  M. Lillo,et al.  Directed, strong, and reversible immobilization of proteins tagged with a β-trefoil lectin domain: a simple method to immobilize biomolecules on plain agarose matrixes. , 2012, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[52]  G. Smagghe,et al.  Insecticidal properties of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum agglutinin and its interaction with insect tissues and cells. , 2010, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology.

[53]  I. Goldstein,et al.  Cloning, expression in Escherichia coli and characterization of the recombinant Neu5Acalpha2,6Galbeta1,4GlcNAc-specific high-affinity lectin and its mutants from the mushroom Polyporus squamosus. , 2004, The Biochemical journal.

[54]  M. I. Khan,et al.  Fungal Lectins: Current Molecular and Biochemical Perspectives , 2011 .

[55]  K. Gevaert,et al.  High entomotoxicity and mechanism of the fungal GalNAc/Gal-specific Rhizoctonia solani lectin in pest insects. , 2013, Journal of insect physiology.

[56]  Toshihiko Oka,et al.  Oligosaccharide specificity of galectins: a search by frontal affinity chromatography. , 2002, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[57]  J. Gu,et al.  Carbohydrate Binding Specificity of a Fucose-specific Lectin from Aspergillus oryzae , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[58]  E. Haubruge,et al.  Investigation of carbohydrate binding property of a fungal lectin from Xerocomus chrysenteron and potential use on Myzus persicae aphid. , 2008, Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences.